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Ítem Internacionalización de los servicios: el caso de los KIS (Knowledge Intensive Services). ¿Son aplicables los modelos tradicionales?(2019) Martos-Martínez, ClaraLa literatura sobre la internacionalización de las empresas, tradicionalmente, se ha aplicado a los bienes puesto que han sido más susceptibles a las transacciones internacionales. Esto se ha debido a que los servicios han tenido unas características muy distintas a la de los bienes que les han impedido, en algunos casos, adoptar ciertas formas de internacionalización. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas se ha producido algunos cambios en la naturaleza de los servicios que, junto con la aparición de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de distintas fórmulas de entrada a otros países, entre otros, le han facilitado su expansión en el exterior. En este contexto, el objetivo del trabajo es analizar en qué medida se adaptan algunas de las teorías tradicionales sobre internacionalización a los servicios y cuáles serían los cambios que se habrían de plantear para justificar la adaptabilidad de dichas teorías a los servicios y, especialmente, a los servicios intensivos en conocimiento.Ítem Importancia de las capacidades dinámicas en el proceso de internacionalizaciónel caso de los KIS(2020) Martos-Martínez, Clara; Muñoz-Guarasa, MartaLos servicios intensivos en conocimiento son los que han protagonizado mayor crecimiento a nivel mundial (Muñoz-Guarasa (dir.) et al., 2013:175). Entre los factores de éxito se encuentran aspectos tan importantes como son sus propios recursos intangibles y la conversión de los mismos en capacidades dinámicas, los cuales les han permitido ser más flexibles y adoptar nuevas formas de entrada al mercado internacional como son fusiones, adquisiciones, acuerdos de cooperación, alianzas estratégicas, etc. Así, el comportamiento de los KIS en el panorama internacional nos hace plantear cuestiones referentes sí las teorías de internacionalización que, tradicionalmente, se han aplicado a los bienes y servicios, son aplicables a los KIS. Es por ello que nuestro objetivo será por un lado, conocer si las teorías de costes de transacción e internalización y el paradigma ecléctico, se adaptan bien a los KISy en caso contrario qué modificaciones y aspectos relevantes será necesario considerar para mejorar dicha aplicabilidad.Ítem The Importance of Endogenous Resources for Internationalization: Competitive Advantages in the Olive Groves of Southern Spain(2021) Martos-Martínez, Clara; Muñoz-Guarasa, MartaThe general objective of this paper was to determine how companies in the olive sector could convert the comparative advantages of olive-growing regions (e.g., culture, tradition, raw materials, knowledge, infrastructure, networks, technological centers, etc.) into competitive advantages, to internationalize, in an accelerated way, and become born global firms, contributing to economic, social, and sustainable development of regions. Thus, we analyzed four cases of exporting companies in this sector (two born global and two non-born global) in southern Spain (Jaén). We chose this province because it is the world’s leading producer of olive oil and, yet it is only the fourth largest exporter compared to the rest of Spain. For the case study, we conducted (and recorded) personal, semi-structured interviews with the founders/managers or individuals in charge of internationalization. To obtain our results, we used a data sheet that included an action protocol, we analyzed each case individually, and we employed sensemaking and pattern-matching techniques to add validity and reliability to the research. Finally, we proposed the “keys” for these companies to go international in an accelerated way, as it would increase their competitiveness, foster the creation of employment, develop networks between companies, boost investment in innovation, etc. The results indicate that it is necessary to follow market orientation, networking, and international entrepreneurship strategies, and that intellectual capital (human, organizational, relational, and technological) of companies (and, therefore, of regions) will be the means through which competitive capabilities are achieved.Ítem Determinants of the internationalisation of agrifood firms: The case of olive oil in Southern Spain(2023) Martos-Martínez, Clara; Muñoz-Guarasa, MartaThe aim of this article is to identify the conditions for the internationalisation of olive oil producing firms in Southern Spain (province of Jaén), as this region accounts for 20 percent of total world production. To that end, we propose a model and test it with data from four premium extra virgin olive oil producing firms (two Born Globals and two non-Born Globals), combining a case study approach with Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). The results show that firms must develop dynamic capabilities. To do so, firms must combine resources and capabilities; international market orientation, network orientation and entrepreneurship orientation strategies; and human, relational and technological capital. If this happens within the first three years of their incorporation, they can be Born Globals. These results can be extrapolated to other industries. Finally, this paper offers some policy implications for firms, such as: they should become more involved in facilitating the internationalisation process for olive oil firms, promote the olive culture abroad, facilitate access to foreign markets, publicise the health benefits of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO).Ítem Born Global: the case of knowledge-intensive services in Southern Spain(2024) Martos-Martínez, Clara; Muñoz-Guarasa, MartaThe objective of this article is to understand how Knowledge-Intensive Services (KIS) firms can be Born Global right from inception or within a few years (three) of their foundation. To that end, we analyse four cases of KIS firms (two KIS firms that are Born Global right from inception and two KIS firms that are Born Global within the first three years). The firms are from the south of Spain (Andalusia) and operate in the renewable energy and consultancy sectors. The methodology used consists of case analysis and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). We find that these firms should pursue international market-, network- and entrepreneurship-oriented strategies in order to acquire dynamic knowledge, networking and innovation capabilities. By so doing, KIS firms will be able to follow an accelerated internationalisation process and thus be Born Global.Ítem Motivación en estudiantes universitarios: metas vitales y actitudes de aprendizaje(GIKA Ediciones, 2022) Moral-Pajares, Encarnación; Pedrosa-Ortega, Cristitna; Gallego-Valero, Leticia; Martínez-Alcalá, Concepción; Barrea, RaquelLa renovación metodológica que impulsa el EEES implica un nuevo enfoque didáctico, dándole mayor importancia al aprendizaje motivacional que a la enseñanza. En este contexto, las metas vitales del alumnado y su actitud ante el aprendizaje son determinantes clave en su motivación. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las orientaciones motivacionales y de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas de la Universidad de Jaén para proponer al profesorado actuaciones, procedimientos, tácticas, y recursos que influyan favorablemente en la motivación del alumnado, impulsen la participación y asistencia a clase y contribuyan a un aprendizaje activo.Ítem Key factors driving PDO olive oil prices at origin in Spain(Bologna UniversityPress, 2025) Moral-Pajares, Encarnación; García-Moral, Ana; Gallego-Valero, LeticiaSpain, the world’s leading producer of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), has 29 protected designations of origin (PDOs) in this sector in 2021. The objectives of this research are, first, to analyse the differences in the origin value of this product with differentiated quality, based on the geographic area of origin; and, secondly, using panel data methodology, to research how certain variables such as the age of the PDO, the production volume, the orientation of part of the supply towards international markets or the development of oleotourism activities in a territory influences the average price paid to the producer. The results show that age, export to non-EU countries and oleotourism positively affect the product’s value. These findings should be taken into account in the design of possible actions by companies, PDO Regulatory Councils (RCs) and influential institutions in the sector, at European, national and regional levels. This article contributes to the evaluation of EU’s agri-food product quality policy and examines the factors influencing the price at origin of certified products, which condition the sector’s profitability and the future of PDO-certified production.Ítem Gas y electricidad en el País Vasco. Entre la singularidad, la municipalización y el suministro privado (1844-1914)(2021) Matés-Barco, Juan Manuel; Larrinaga, CarlosEn este trabajo se analiza el papel que jugaron las empresas privadas de abastecimiento de agua potable en la modernización de la ciudad de Barcelona durante las últimas décadas del XIX y las primeras del siglo XX. La necesidad de extender una novedosa y completa red de abastecimiento de agua, obligó a la búsqueda de soluciones legales, técnicas y urbanísticas. Prosperidad industrial y crecimiento de la población se dieron la mano en la creación de una ciudad cada vez más populosa y moderna. Este conjunto de acciones desembocó en el diseño de redes que configuraron la traza de la nueva ciudad, al mismo tiempo que propiciaron la aparición de empresas que pugnaron -entre ellas y con el Ayuntamiento-, por el dominio y el control del mercado.Ítem Online popularity as a development factor for cooperatives in the winegrowing sector(Elsevier, 2021-02-01) Bernal-Jurado, Enrique; Mozas-Moral, Adoración; Fernández-Uclés, Domingo; Medina-Viruel, Miguel JesúsSpain is a global leader in the wine sector in terms of production capacity, which is in stark contrast to its low domestic wine consumption. This situation forces Spanish producers to develop a clear focus on exports. Traditionally, the business model in Spain has been based on low prices, high volumes, and a strong dependence on traditional markets, which places Spain at a clear competitive disadvantage in terms of value. Given these commercial challenges in this sector, where cooperatives play a central role, information and communication technologies, particularly websites, offer a source of competitive advantage. The main aim of this research is to analyze the organizational factors and commercial features that are associated with the online popularity of wine producers. This study seeks to verify the influence of organizational aspects (company size and integration), commercial features (sales of bottled wine, internationalization, and organic certification), and website quality on the popularity of corporate websites. The analysis was conducted using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results reveal that the number of website visits is positively related to business integration, organic certification, export activity, website quality, and the marketing of bottled wine.Ítem Popularity in Social Networks. The Case of Argentine Beekeeping Production Entities(MDPI, 2021-07-23) Andrieu, Jimena; Fernández-Uclés, Domingo; Mozas-Moral, Adoración; Bernal-Jurado, EnriqueThe context of the COVID pandemic has accelerated the pace of the digitalization of society, especially of its business fabric. Among the various applications offered by the Internet, social networking platforms have been identified as powerful tools that organizations have at their disposal for the development of their online business activities. This is due to the closeness and trust generated by word-of-mouth communication. In this context, the aim of this article is to identify which organizational characteristics are directly related to popularity on social networks, measured by the number of followers on these accounts. In order to achieve this objective, the Argentinean beekeeping organizations have been taken as a case study and the fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis method has been used. The results obtained allow us to validate the different organizational factors which, beyond the use of Facebook itself, lead to better results for the organizations in their social network strategies. These factors include their cooperative nature, localization, environmental sensitivity and presence on other digital platforms.Ítem The role of the SDGs as enhancers of the performance of Spanish wine cooperatives(Elsevier, 2021-08-25) Mozas-Moral, Adoración; Fernández-Uclés, Domingo; Medina-Viruel, Miguel Jesús; Bernal-Jurado, EnriqueAccording to the Brundtland Report, a new era of economic prosperity is possible through forceful yet socially and environmentally sustainable growth. In 2015, the United Nations set 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development. The social economy is a key force in achieving the SDGs. We argue that the alignment of business activity with SDGs directly enhances business performance. We study wine cooperatives and show that their performance depends on structural and organizational variables linked to certain SDGs. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that can boost the performance of Spanish wine cooperatives with websites. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we study the influence of key factors cited in the recent literature and linked to the SDGs as drivers of high performance. We consider concern for the environment (through organic production), innovation (as a cross-cutting tool) in terms of website quality, internationalization (level of export activity), end-market orientation, and company size. The results show that cooperatives’ performance is enhanced by these factors and that they are linked to the SDGs. A key finding is that higher performance results from the interaction of several variables, including size. However, there is also a need for the presence of other variables, including diversification, which can simultaneously lead to greater performance.Ítem ICT as a development factor in the Tunisian olive oil sector(CIHEAM, 2021-09) Elfkih, Saida; Fernández-Uclés, Domingo; Mozas-Moral, Adoración; Bernal-Jurado, Enrique; Medina-Viruel, Miguel JesúsOlive oil is one of the main agricultural products of the countries that make up the Mediterranean basin. The low profitability of this sector of activity and the growing challenges of an increasingly turbulent market force the sector to search for more efficient organization. The aim of this paper is to determine the organisational and technological factors associated with the most economically efficient Tunisian olive-growing organisations. To this end, firstly the Data Envelopment Analysis method has been used to establish a hierarchy of the most efficient organizations. Secondly, the Qualitative Comparative Analysis method has been used, which allows us to establish the relationships of variables that explain the highest levels of economic efficiency. The results obtained show that the academic training of the top manager, training in information technology, the age of the organisation and the existence of plans and budget items for the adoption of information and communication technologies are variables that explain this greater efficiencyÍtem Second degree cooperativism and ICT adoption.(Ciriec España, 2021-11-11) Mozas-Moral, Adoración; Bernal-Jurado, Enrique; Fernández-Uclés, Domingo; Medina-Viruel, Miguel JesúsThe present research work focuses on the study of the determining factors for the adoption of Information Technology and Communication tools with objectives trade in second-degree olive cooperatives in Spain. The Spanish olive sector leads world olive oil production, however, has significant trade problems that put the profitability of producers at risk. This is a problem historically linked to this sector. In this sense, second-degree cooperativism saves one of the obstacles to its commercial advancement frequently pointed out by the literature on the olive sector, which is the lack of concentration. and integration of the offer. In order to achieve the objective established in this research work. The fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) methodological technique was used. The results obtained indicate that the degree of technological innovation is favored by the intensity cooperative integration, ICT training for employees, the commercial importance of the sector exterior, the offer of ecological products within the range of products of the cooperative and the degree of commitment of the cooperative regarding the actions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).Ítem The role of the SDGs as enhancers of the performance of Spanish wine cooperatives(Elsevier, 2021-12) Mozas-Moral, Adoración; Fernández-Uclés, Domingo; Bernal-Jurado, Enrique; Medina-Viruel, Miguel JesúsAccording to the Brundtland Report, a new era of economic prosperity is possible through forceful yet socially and environmentally sustainable growth. In 2015, the United Nations set 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development. The social economy is a key force in achieving the SDGs. We argue that the alignment of business activity with SDGs directly enhances business performance. We study wine cooperatives and show that their performance depends on structural and organizational variables linked to certain SDGs. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that can boost the performance of Spanish wine cooperatives with websites. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we study the influence of key factors cited in the recent literature and linked to the SDGs as drivers of high performance. We consider concern for the environment (through organic production), innovation (as a cross-cutting tool) in terms of website quality, internationalization (level of export activity), end-market orientation, and company size. The results show that cooperatives’ performance is enhanced by these factors and that they are linked to the SDGs. A key finding is that higher performance results from the interaction of several variables, including size. However, there is also a need for the presence of other variables, including diversification, which can simultaneously lead to greater performance.Ítem Economía Social y recuperación económica tras la crisis del COVID-2019(Ciriec España, 2022-03-31) Juliá-Igual, Juan Francisco; Bernal-Jurado, Enrique; Carrasco-Monteagudo, InmaculadaLa crisis derivada de la pandemia del covid-19 ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de mejorar y revisar nuestro modelo de economía y sociedad, evidenciando la importancia de dar una mayor relevancia a la ciencia, al uso del conocimiento y a la incorporación de valores relacionados con la sostenibilidad y solidaridad. Con base en los recursos financieros habilitados por la Unión Europea, los estados miembros han diseñado planes dirigidos a superar la crisis sanitaria, económica y social y los desequilibrios previos existentes. En este contexto, y en un país como España, con una estructura empresarial caracterizada por el reducido tamaño empresarial, las entidades de la Economía Social, distinguidas por la resiliencia que genera la red de apoyos mutuos y la capacidad para impulsar proyectos colectivos que aúnen lo económico con lo social, favoreciendo el desarrollo de los espacios, bien podrían ser un aval para el buen aprovechamiento de la financiación europea desplegada. Pero, en este caso, parece que las debilidades de muchas entidades de la Economía Social, relacionadas con su reducido tamaño, ha podido jugar en contra del sector. Con la cautela debida a la provisionalidad de los datos todavía existentes, se puede decir que la pandemia ha truncado también la tendencia de crecimiento en el tamaño empresarial del sector. De las diferentes familias de la Economía Social, y comparando con el conjunto del tejido productivo español, las cooperativas han sido las empresas que mejor han resistido, tanto en número de empresas como en empleo, y las sociedades laborales las que peor.Ítem Sustainable Development Goal in the beekeeping sector and its cooperative network(Ciriec España, 2023-09-25) Andrieu, Jimena; Bernal-Jurado, Enrique; Mozas-Moral, Adoración[ES] Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) son una prioridad a nivel mundial en términos de compromiso por un desarrollo responsable de la sociedad. Este trabajo se centra en la apicultura por ser un sector estratégico de la economía argentina por sus importantes impactos socio-económicos y ambientales. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las prácticas de las entidades apícolas en su alineación con la consecución de los ODS (con foco en los ODS 5, 8, 9, 12 y 17), prestando especial atención a la contribución diferencial de las empresas con fórmula cooperativa. Se focaliza en las acciones vinculadas con la organización del trabajo, la producción, la innovación y su inserción en los mercados. Para ello, se trabaja con un análisis de significatividad de variables de las matrices 2x2 y con un análisis factorial multivariado de correspondencias múltiples. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de relevancia que existe una alineación positiva entre las prácticas de las entidades del sector apícola y los ODS 5, ODS 12 y ODS 17, con una tendencia también diferencial y positiva para las organizaciones con fórmula cooperativa. No obstante, los resultados dan cuenta también de los desafíos a futuro que enfrenta el sector, especialmente en materia de los ODS 8 y 9. [EN] The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global priority in terms of commitment to the responsible development of society. This paper focuses on beekeeping as a strategic sector of the Argentine economy due to its important socio-economic and environmental impacts. The objective of this research is to analyze the practices of beekeeping entities in their alignment with the achievement of the SDGs (with a focus on SDGs 5, 8, 9, 12 and 17), paying special attention to the differential contribution of companies with cooperative formula. It focuses on actions related to work organization, production, innovation and market insertion. To this end, we used variable significance analysis for 2x2 matrices and multivariate factor analysis of multiple correspondences. The results obtained show that there is a positive alignment between the practices of beekeeping sector entities and SDG 5, SDG 12 and SDG 17, with a differential and positive trend for organizations with a cooperative formula. However, the results also show the future challenges faced by the sector, especially with regard to SDGs 8 and 9.Ítem La internacionalización del sector apícola argentino desde una mirada empresarial con énfasis en las cooperativas(Ediciones Complutenses, 2024-04-29) Andrieu, Jimena; Bernal-Jurado, Enrique; Mozas-Moral, AdoraciónEntre los países del Sur global, Argentina enfrenta el desafío de desarrollarse mediante la internacionalización de su economía, basada en una matriz exportadora de productos primarios de origen agropecuario. Se advierten así desafíos para superar limitaciones al desarrollo, derivadas de exportaciones basadas en procesos de apropiación histórica del don gratuito de la naturaleza. Por ello, se analizan qué características empresariales pueden aportar una mejor performance exportadora con criterios de equidad. El enfoque configuracional, cubre un vacío existente en la literatura al evaluar cómo, diversas combinaciones de atributos empresariales explican el desempeño de una entidad en los mercados exteriores. Se utiliza el método de Análisis Comparativo Cualitativo (QCA) para estudiar el sector apícola argentino. Se realizó una encuesta en el año 2022 a entidades con personalidad jurídica que tributaron en la producción primaria apícola en Argentina. Se propone un análisis de conjuntos difusos a los fines de conocer las características de las firmas que inciden positivamente sobre el mayor grado de vinculación con los mercados externos evaluando dos modelos, que se diferencian entre sí a partir de observar si la exportación es directa o se encuentra mediada por terceros. Los resultados muestran que los siguientes factores influyen positivamente en una mayor internacionalización en el área de estudio: el tamaño de la entidad, las estrategias de integración vertical y el acceso a la financiación. Respecto a la figura jurídica de cooperativa, se observa para el modelo general una ocurrencia positiva; sin embargo, en el modelo de exportaciones directas la ocurrencia es negativa. Respecto a la incidencia de la orientación al mercado, en el modelo general se advierte una incidencia negativa sobre la performance exportadora, pero en el segundo modelo aparece una incidencia positiva. Por esto, la evidencia aporta elementos claves para comprender los desafíos de la internacionalización en el marco empresarial de la apicultura argentina y que seguro son de utilidad en la transferencia del conocimiento al sector.Ítem Global efficiency and profitability: Cooperatives as social innovation agents vs. Joint stock companies in the agri-food sector(ScienceDirect, 2024-07-01) Meliá-Marti, Elena; Mozas-Moral, Adoración; Bernal-Jurado, Enrique; Fernández-Uclés, DomingoCooperativism, as an agent of social innovation, significantly contributes to fostering a dynamic economy and plays a fundamental role in rural areas. Analyses of profitability in cooperatives versus Investor-Owned Firms (IOFs) show disparate results depending on the methodology and indicators used. This disparity of results is largely due to the fact that common indicators are used in the business sphere that do not take into account the duality of investor-supplier members in cooperatives. This paper deals with a comparative analysis of the efficiency and profitability of cooperatives and IOFs, which takes into account the cooperative specificity as far as partner-producer duality is concerned. The populations analyzed are the olive oil producing companies in Andalusia and the methodology used is twofold: DEA, in the case of efficiency, and probit regression for the analysis of profitability. For the latter, a cooperative global profitability indicator has been defined. The results point to a superiority of the cooperatives in terms of both efficiency and overall profitability compared to the IOFs, which denotes a greater capacity to better remunerate the producer, especially in smaller companies. However, this superiority disappears as the cooperative gains dimension. Our findings show that the relative performance of cooperatives and IOFs varies by size. This reality warrants the attention of both society and governments, prompting the need for the development and implementation of public policies aimed at their growth and safeguarding. Additionally, it initiates a pathway for further research into other sectors of activity.Ítem Online reputation of agri-food companies and determining factors: an empirical investigation(Springer Nature, 2023-03-15) Fernández-Uclés, Domingo; Mozas-Moral, Adoración; Bernal-Jurado, Enrique; Puentes-Poyatos, RaquelIn an increasingly technology-oriented society, companies should ensure not only that they have an Internet presence but also that they are conveying the right image. According to the resource-based view, online reputation is a key intangible asset for successful technological business change. The aim of this research is to analyze the online reputation of companies in the agri-food sector, identifying the factors that have an impact on it. For this purpose, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis is used. The results show that online reputation is conditioned by legal form and attributes associated with the company website. Such attributes include website quality, the presence of information associated with corporate social responsibility, the use of a secure connection, and the sale of organic products. The results provide strategic guidelines for public and private decision makers to exploit the full potential of ICTs.Ítem Improving e-economy by regional governments(Emerald, 2014-05-13) Chavea, Rafael; Bernal-Jurado, Enrique; Mozas-Moral, Adoración; Puentes-Poyatos, RaquelThe purpose of this paper is to analyse and assess a government support programme for business innovation in a very peripherical European region: the Spanish region of Andalucía. Design/methodology/approach: Endogenous development approach is used to categorize the main public and private actions included in the government ICT support programme. Cross-time analysis has been carried out by using three territorial indicators of diffusion and effective use of ICT: the physical aspect, refereed to the infrastructures used as a base for the information society development (infrastructures, technology and equipment); the actors and their degree of organization (firms present on the internet and support organizations and institutions); and knowledge, refereed to the technological sprawl and the entrepreneurship capacity (fostering innovation and training among the general population and businesses). Findings: The study confirms that the public policies implemented are coherent with the endogenous development approach, where investment in physical and human capital have been accompanied by enabling measures of interaction between firms and other economical agents (universities, business associations, business centres and technology institutes, etc.), with a view to favouring the dissemination of innovations and knowledge among firms. Secondly, the research assess the impact of this ICT programme, both in terms of economic growth and per capita income, as well as on the main variables that reflect the degree of business participation in the Information Society. Results show that, during the period 1996-2010, this region has made important progress in terms of convergence with more advanced European regions. Research limitations/implications: The study has methodological implications in terms of designs of further ICT programmes in less developed European regions to broke the digital divide. Practical implications: Recent outlooks of the OECD call for more assessment research on ICT national and regional policies around the world, especially those that prove that it is possible to broke the international digital divide. The present study suggests that public policies following the directives laid down by the endogenous development approach can reach this economic and social target. The Andalucía Information Society Programme constitutes a real commitment and private-public partnership towards a structural change in the technological culture amongst businesses. Investment in physical capital and human capital has been accompanied by measures that enable the interaction of firms with other economic agents (university, business associations, technology centres, etc.), with a view to favouring the dissemination of innovation and knowledge among firms. Originality/value: The study uses for the first time the endogenous development approach applied to a less advanced region for evaluation of ICT policy and it improves a methodology based on this approach to assess its effectiveness.