DCS-Artículos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/10953/114

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1. Blood Pressure Correlates Asymmetrically with Neuropeptidase Activities of the Left and Right Frontal Cortices
(MDPI, 2021-01) Segarra, AB; Prieto, I; Banegas, I; Martínez-Cañamero, M; de Gasparo, M; Ramírez-Sánchez, M
A lateralized distribution of neuropeptidase activities in the frontal cortex of normotensive and hypertensive rats has been described depending on the use of some vasoactive drugs and linked to certain mood disorders. Asymmetrical neuroperipheral connections involving neuropeptidases from the left or right hemisphere and aminopeptidases from the heart or plasma have been suggested to play a role in this asymmetry. We hypothesize that such asymmetries could be extended to the connection between the brain and physiologic parameters and metabolic factors from plasma and urine. To assess this hypothesis, we analyzed the possible correlation between neuropeptidases from the left and right frontal cortex with peripheral parameters in normotensive (Wistar Kyoto [WKY]) rats and hypertensive rats (spontaneously hypertensive rats [SHR]) untreated or treated with vasoactive drugs such as captopril, propranolol and L-nitro-arginine methyl ester. Neuropeptidase activities from the frontal cortex were analyzed fluorometrically using arylamide derivatives as substrates. Physiological parameters and metabolic factors from plasma and urine were determined using routine laboratory techniques. Vasoactive drug treatments differentially modified the asymmetrical neuroperipheral pattern by changing the predominance of the correlations between peripheral parameters and central neuropeptidase activities of the left and right frontal cortex. The response pattern also differed between SHR and WKY rats. These results support an asymmetric integrative function of the organism and suggest the possibility of a different neurometabolic response coupled to particular mood disorders, depending on the selected vasoactive drug.
A deep learning model for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis based on patient clinical records.
(2024-02) Ávila-Jiménez JL, Cantón-Habas V; Carrera-González MP, Rich-Ruiz M; Ventura S
A soft 3D polyacrylate hydrogel recapitulates the cartilage niche and allows growth-factor free tissue engineering of human articular cartilage
(Elsevier, 2019) Jiménez, Gema; Venkateswaran, Seshasailam; López Ruiz, Elena; Perán, Macarena; Perigallo, Salvador; Díaz Manchón, Juan José; Canadas, Raplael F; Antich, Cristina; Oliviera, Joaquim M; Callanan, Anthony; Wallace, Robert; Reis, Rui L; Montanez, Elvira; Carrillo, Esmeralda; Bradley, Mark; Marchal, Juan Antonio
Cartilage degeneration or damage treatment is still a challenge, but, tissue engineering strategies, which combine cell therapy strategies, which combine cell therapy and scaffolds, and have emerged as a promising new approach. In this regard, polyurethanes and polyacrylates polymers have been shown to have clinical potential to treat osteochondral injuries. Here, we have used polymer microarrays technology to screen 380 different polyurethanes and polyacrylates polymers. The top polymers with potential to maintain chondrocyte viability were selected, with scale-up studies performed to evaluate their ability to support chondrocyte proliferation during long-term culture, while maintaining their characteristic phenotype. Among the selected polymers, poly (methylmethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid), showed the highest level of chondrogenic potential and was used to create a 3D hydrogel. Ultrastructural morphology, microstructure and mechanical testing of this novel hydrogel revealed robust characteristics to support chondrocyte growth. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo biological assays demonstrated that chondrocytes cultured on the hydrogel had the capacity to produce extracellular matrix similar to hyaline cartilage, as shown by increased expression of collagen type II, aggrecan and Sox9, and the reduced expression of the fibrotic marker’s collagen type I. In conclusion, hydrogels generated from poly (methylmethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) created the appropriate niche for chondrocyte growth and phenotype maintenance and might be an optimal candidate for cartilage tissue-engineering applications.
Actividad de aminopeptidasas séricas en un modelo animal de cáncer de mama inducido por N-metil nitrosourea.
(Elsevier, 2004) Carrera MP, Ramírez-Expósito MJ; García MJ, Mayas MD; Martínez-Martos JM
Activin A/BMP2 chimera AB235 drives efficient redifferentiation of long term cultured autologous chondrocytes
(Nature Research, 2015) Jiménez, Gema; López Ruiz, Elena; Kwiatkowski, W; Montañez, Elvira; Arrebola, Francisco; Carrillo, Esmeralda; Gray, P.C; Izpisua Belmonte, Juan Carlos; Choe, S; Perán, Macarena; Marchal, Juan Antonio
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) depends on the quality and quantity of implanted cells and is hindered by the fact that chondrocytes cultured for long periods of time undergo dedifferentiation. Here we have developed a reproducible and efficient chondrogenic protocol to redifferentiate chondrocytes isolated from osteoarthritis (OA) patients. We used morphological, histological and immunological analysis together with a RT-PCR detection of collagen I and collagen II gene expression to show that chondrocytes isolated from articular cartilage biopsies of patients and subjected to long-term culture undergo dedifferentiation and that these cells can be redifferentiated following treatment with the chimeric Activin A/BMP2 ligand AB235. Examination of AB235-treated cell pellets in both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that redifferentiated chondrocytes synthesized a cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM), primarily consisting of vertically-orientated collagen fibres and cartilage-specific proteoglycans. AB235-treated cell pellets also integrated into the surrounding subcutaneous tissue following transplantation in mice as demonstrated by their dramatic increase in size while non-treated control pellets disintegrated upon transplantation. Thus, our findings describe an effective protocol for the promotion of redifferentiation of autologous chondrocytes obtained from OA patients and the formation of a cartilage-like ECM that can integrate into the surrounding tissue in vivo.
Aging, depression, and dementia: The inflammatory process.
(Wroclaw Medical University Press, 2022-05-12) Carrera-González, María del Pilar; Cantón-Habas, Vanesa; Rich-Ruiz, Manuel
Alteration of Postural Balance in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(MDPI, 2021-01-15) Núñez-Fuentes, David; Obrero, Esteban; Zagalaz, Noelia; Ibáñez-Vera, Alfonso Javier; Achalandabaso-Ochoa, Alexander; López-Ruiz, María del Carmen; Rodríguez-Almagro, Daniel; Lomas, Rafael
Balance problems are one of the most frequent symptoms in patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). However, the extent and nature of this balance disorder are not known. The objective of this work was to determine the best evidence for the alteration of postural balance in patients with FMS and analyze differences with healthy controls. To meet this objective, a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. A bibliographical search was carried out in PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO. Observational studies that assessed postural balance in patients with FMS compared to healthy subjects in baseline conditions, were selected. In a random-effect model, the pooled effect was calculated with the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Nineteen studies reporting data of 2347 participants (95% female) were included. FMS patients showed poor balance with a large effect on static (SMD = 1.578; 95% CI = 1.164, 1.992), dynamic (SMD = 0.946; 95% CI = 0.598, 1.294), functional balance (SMD = 1.138; 95% CI = 0.689, 1.588) and on balance confidence (SMD = 1.194; 95% CI = 0.914, 1.473). Analysis of the Sensory Organization Test showed large alteration of vestibular (SMD = 1.631; 95% CI = 0.467, 2.795) and visual scores (SMD = 1.317; 95% CI = 0.153, 2.481) compared to healthy controls. Patients with FMS showed worse scores for different measures of postural balance compared to healthy controls. Concretely, FMS patients appear to have poor vestibular and visual scores with a possible somatosensory dependence.
Alzheimer's disease: Is there a relationship between brain renin-angiotensin system, estradiol and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4)?
(AIMS Press, 2023-02-07) Carrera-González, María del Pilar; Ramírez-Expósito, María Jesús; Guerrero-González, Carmen; Martínez-Martos., José Manuel
Aminopeptidase Activities Interact Asymmetrically between Brain, Plasma and Systolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Rats Unilaterally Depleted of Dopamine
(BIOMEDICINES, 2022) Banegas, I; Prieto, I; Segarra, AB; Vives, F; Martínez-Cañamero, M; Durán, R; Luna, JD; Domínguez-Vías, G; Ramírez-Sánchez, M
Brain dopamine, in relation to the limbic system, is involved in cognition and emotion. These functions are asymmetrically processed. Hypertension not only alters such functions but also their asymmetric brain pattern as well as their bilateral pattern of neurovisceral integration. The central and peripheral renin-angiotensin systems, particularly the aminopeptidases involved in its enzymatic cascade, play an important role in blood pressure control. In the present study, we report how these aminopeptidases from left and right cortico-limbic locations, plasma and systolic blood pressure interact among them in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) unilaterally depleted of dopamine. The study comprises left and right sham and left and right lesioned (dopamine-depleted) rats as research groups. Results revealed important differences in the bilateral behavior comparing sham left versus sham right, lesioned left versus lesioned right, and sham versus lesioned animals. Results also suggest an important role for the asymmetrical functioning of the amygdala in cardiovascular control and an asymmetrical behavior in the interaction between the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala with plasma, depending on the left or right depletion of dopamine. Compared with previous results of a similar study in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats, the asymmetrical behaviors differ significantly between both WKY and SHR strains.
Analysis of potential risks from the bacterial communities associated with air-contact surfaces from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish farming
(Elsevier, 2018-01-09) Maria Jose Grande Burgos; Jose Luis Romero; Antonio Cobo Molinos; Antonio Gálvez; Rosario Lucas
Tilapia farming is a promising growing sector in aquaculture. Yet, there are limited studies on microbiological risks associated to tilapia farms. The aim of the present study was to analyse the bacterial communities from solid surfaces in contact with air in a tilapia farm in order to evaluate the presence of bacteria potentially toxinogenic or pathogenic to humans or animals. Samples from a local tilapia farm (tank wall, aerator, water outlets, sink and floor) were analyzed by high throughput sequencing technology. Sequences were assigned to operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Proteobacteria was the main phylum represented in most samples (except for one). Cyanobacteria were a relevant phylum in the inner wall from the fattening tank and the wet floor by the pre-fattening tank. Bacteroidetes were the second phylum in relative abundance for samples from the larval rearing tank and the pre-fattening tank and one sample from the fattening tank. Fusobacteria showed highest relative abundances in samples from the larval rearing tank and pre-fattening tank. Other phyla (Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Planktomycetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Chlorobi, Gemmatiomonadetes or Fibrobacters) had lower relative abundances. A large fraction of the reads (ranging from 43.67% to 72.25%) were assigned to uncultured bacteria. Genus Acinetobacter (mainly A. calcoaceticus/baumanni) was the predominant OTU in the aerator of the fattening tank and also in the nearby sink on the floor. The genera Cetobacterium and Bacteroides showed highest relative abundances in the samples from the larval rearing tank and the pre-fattening tank. Genera including fish pathogens (Fusobacterium, Aeromonas) were only detected at low relative abundances. Potential human pathogens other than Acinetobacter were either not detected or had very low relative abundances (< 0.01%). The results of the study suggest that the main risk factors to be monitored in tilapia farm are putative human pathogenic Acinetobacter and potential cyanotoxin-producing cyanobacteria.
Analysis of the microbiota of refrigerated chopped parsley after treatments with a coating containing enterocin AS-48 or by high-hydrostatic pressure
(Elsevier, 2017-09) Grande Burgos, María José; López Aguayo, María del Carmen; Pérez Pulido, Rubén; Gálvez, Antonio; Lucas, Rosario
El perejil puede estar implicado en enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos , pero el perejil picado se utiliza como ingrediente o guarnición en múltiples platos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos tratamientos diferentes sobre la diversidad bacteriana del perejil: (i) recubrimiento con una solución de pectina-EDTA que contiene la bacteriocina circular enterocina AS-48, y (ii) tratamiento por alta presión hidrostática (HHP) a 600 MPa durante 8 min. El perejil control y tratado se almacenaron en bandejas a 5 °C durante 10 días. Ambos tratamientos redujeron los recuentos viables en 3,7 ciclos logarítmicos y retrasaron el crecimiento de los supervivientes durante el almacenamiento. La diversidad bacteriana del perejil picado se estudió mediante secuenciación de alto rendimiento (Illumina Miseq). La diversidad bacteriana de las muestras de control consiste principalmente en Proteobacteria (96,87%) pertenecientes a los géneros Pseudomonas (69,12%), Rheinheimera (8,56%) y Pantoea (6,91%), entre otros. Durante el almacenamiento, la abundancia relativa de Bacteroidetes (principalmente Flavobacterium y Sphingobacterium ) aumentó al 26,66%. La aplicación del recubrimiento de pectina-bacteriocina-EDTA redujo la abundancia relativa de Proteobacterias (63,75%) y aumentó la de Firmicutes (34,70%). Sin embargo, las abundancias relativas de ciertos grupos como Salmonella , Shigella y Acinetobacter aumentaron en las primeras épocas de almacenamiento. El almacenamiento tardío se caracterizó por un aumento en la abundancia relativa de Proteobacterias , principalmente Pseudomonas . Tras la aplicación del tratamiento HHP, la abundancia relativa de Proteobacteria se redujo (85,88%) mientras que Actinobacteria aumentó (8,01%). Durante el almacenamiento inicial de muestras tratadas con HHP,aumentó la abundancia relativa de Firmicutes . Las bacterias potencialmente patógenas ( Shigella ) sólo aumentaron en abundancia relativa al final del almacenamiento. Los resultados del presente estudio indican que los dos tratamientos tuvieron efectos diferentes sobre la diversidad bacteriana del perejil. El tratamiento HHP proporcionó un producto más seguro, ya que no se detectaron bacterias potencialmente patógenas hasta el final del período de almacenamiento.
Antibiotic multiresistance analysis of mesophilic and psychrotrophic Pseudomonas spp. isolated from goat and lamb slaughterhouse surfaces throughout the meat production process
(Science Direct (Elsevier), 2014-11) Lavilla, Leyre; Benomar El Bakali, Nabil; Casado-Muñoz, Maria del Carmen; Gálvez, Antonio; Abriouel, Hikmate
The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of pseudomonads isolated from surfaces of a goat and lamb slaughterhouse, which were representative of areas that are possible sources of meat contamination. Mesophilic (85 isolates) and psychrotrophic (37 isolates) pseudomonads identified at the species level generally were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, rifampin, and ceftazidime (especially mesophiles), as well as colistin and tetracycline (especially psychrotrophes). However, they generally were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, and kanamycin regardless of species identity. Worryingly, in the present study, we found multidrug resistance (MDR) to up to 13 antibiotics, which was related to intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, a link between various antimicrobial resistance genes was shown for beta-lactams and tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. The distribution and resistomebased analysis of MDR pseudomonads in different slaughterhouse zones indicated that the main sources of the identical or related pseudomonad strains were the animals (feet and wool) and the slaughterhouse environment, being disseminated from the beginning, or entrance environment, to the environment of the finished meat products. Those facts must be taken into consideration to avoid cross-contamination with the subsequent flow of mobile resistance determinants throughout all slaughterhouse zones and then to humans and the environment by the application of adequate practices of hygiene and disinfection measures, including those for animal wool and feet and also the entrance environment.
Antibiotic resistance of Lactobacillus pentosus and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides isolated from naturally- fermented Aloreña table olives throughout fermentation process.
(Science Direct (Elsevier), 2014-02-17) Casado-Muñoz, Maria del Carmen; Benomar El Bakali, Nabil; Lavilla, Leyre; Gálvez, Antonio; Abriouel, Hikmate
Antimicrobial resistance of Lactobacillus pentosus (n = 59) and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (n = 13) isolated from Aloreña green table olives (which are naturally-fermented olives from Málaga, Spain) to 15 antibiotics was evaluated. Most Lb. pentosus (95%) and all Lc. pseudomesenteroides were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Principal component analysis determined that the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in LAB throughout the fermentation process was highly dependent on the fermenter where the fermentation took place. All Lb. pentosus and Lc. pseudomesenteroides strains were highly sensitive to amoxicillin and ampicillin (MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml), and also to chloramphenicol (MIC ≤ 4 μg/ml), gentamicin and erythromycin (MIC ≤ 16 μg/ml). However, they were phenotypically resistant to streptomycin (83–100%, MIC N 256 μg/ml), vancomycin and teicoplanin (70–100%, MIC N 128 μg/ml), trimethoprim (76% of Lb. pentosus and 15% of Lc. pseudomesenteroides, MIC N 128 μg/ml), trimethoprim/sulfomethoxazol (71–100%, MIC N 4–64 μg/ml) and cefuroxime (44% of Lb. pentosus and 85% of Lc. pseudomesenteroides, MIC N 32–128 μg/ml). Lb. pentosus was susceptible to tetracycline and clindamycin, while 46% of Lc. pseudomesenteroides strains were resistant to these antibiotics. Only Lb. pentosus strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (70%, MIC N 4–64 μg/ml), although no mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions of the genes encoding GyrA and ParC were found, thus indicating an intrinsic resistance. Similarly, no genes encoding possible transferable resistance determinants for the observed phenotypic resistance were detected by PCR. In some cases, a bimodal distribution of MICs was observed for some antibiotics to which both LAB species exhibited resistance. Nevertheless, such resistances resulted from an intrinsic mechanism, non-transferable or non-acquired resistance determinants which may in part be due to chromosomally encoded efflux pumps (NorA, MepA and MdeA). Results of the present study demonstrate that all Lb. pentosus and Lc. pseudomesenteroides strains lack transferable resistance-related genes (cat, bla, blaZ, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA/B, ereA, ereB, mphA, mefA, tet(M), tet(O), tet(S), tet(W), tet(L), tet(K), aad(E), aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia, aph(2′)-Ib, aph(2′)-Ic, aph(2′)-Id, aph(3′)-IIIa, ant(4′)-Ia, dfrA, dfrD, vanA, vanB, vanC and vanE) and should therefore, according to Qualified Presumption of Safety criteria, be considered safe for future application as starter cultures or as probiotics.
Antimicrobial Activity and Biodiversity Study of a Homemade Vegetable Puree Treated with Antimicrobials from Paenibacillus dendritiformis
(2023-06-07) Mena, Laura; Grande, M.J.; Gálvez, A.
El Paenibacillus dendritiformis UJA2219 aislado de la zanahoria produce una actividad antibacteriana de amplio espectro. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el impacto de los extractos de cultivos celulares parcialmente purificados de la cepa UJA2219 sobre la carga microbiana y la diversidad bacteriana de un puré de verduras casero. El puré se expuso a un cultivo de la cepa UJA2219 durante la noche o a extractos de caldo de cultivo parcialmente purificados mediante cromatografía de intercambio catiónico (CE) o cromatografía de fase reversa (RP) e incubados durante 7 días a temperaturas de 4 °C o 25 °C. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron a 25 °C con el extracto de RP, disminuyendo los recuentos de las presuntas Enterobacteriaceae por debajo de los niveles detectables. La diversidad bacteriana del puré de control y tratado se estudió mediante secuenciación de extremos emparejados de Illumina, utilizando ADN extraído de las muestras de puré incubadas a 25 °C durante 24 h. Los controles y el puré inoculado con la cepa UJA2219 mostraron un perfil de diversidad bacteriana casi idéntico, con Pseudomonadota (principalmente Fam. Pseudomonadaceae -gen. Pseudomonas - y Enterobacteriace como los grupos más abundantes). Las mayores diferencias en la diversidad bacteriana se obtuvieron en el puré tratado con extracto de RP, mostrando una disminución en la abundancia relativa de Pseudomonadota (especialmente gen. Pseudomonas ) y un aumento de Bacillota (principalmente de los géneros Bacillus , Enterococcus y Lactococcus ). Los resultados del estudio sugieren que las preparaciones antimicrobianas de la cepa UJA2219 tienen potencial de aplicación en la biopreservación de alimentos.
Antimicrobial Resistance, Biocide Tolerance, and Bacterial Diversity of a Dressing Made from Coriander and Parsley after Application of Treatments Using High Hydrostatic Pressure Alone or in Combination with Moderate Heat
(MDPI, 2022-08-29) Javier Rodríguez López; Maria José Grande Burgos; Rubén Pérez Pulido; Belén Iglesias Valenzuela; Antonio Gálvez; Rosario Lucas
The effects of high-hydrostatic pressure (HP) treatments (450 and 600 megapascals, MPa, for 5 min at temperatures of 22 C and 50 C) on the microbiota of a coriander and parsley dressing was studied via culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Samples were refrigerated for 20 days, with periodic counts of the culture media supplemented with, or without, antimicrobials. HPtreated samples showed significantly lower viable cell counts compared to untreated controls. Only the control samples yielded bacterial growth on media with antimicrobials (imipenem, cefotaxime, benzalkonium chloride), including mostly Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus. Bacillus and Paenibacillus were identified from pressurized samples. Few isolates showed higher tolerance to some of the biocides tested. Pseudomonads showed outstanding resistance to meropenem and ceftazidime. According to high-throughput sequencing analysis, the microbiota of the dressing control samples changes during storage, with a reduction in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and an increase in Firmicutes. The composition of the residual microbiota detected during storage was highly dependent on the pressure applied, and not on the treatment temperature
Antioxidants do not prevent acrylonitrile-induced toxicity.
(Elsevier, 2007-03-30) M P Carrera, I Antolín; V Martín, R M Sainz; J C Mayo, F Herrera; G García-Santos, C Rodríguez
Application of the broad-spectrum bacteriocin enterocin AS-48 to inhibit Bacillus coagulans in canned fruit and vegetable foods
(Elsevier, 2006-05-20) Lucas López, Rosario; Grande Burgos, María José; Hikmate, Abriouel; Maqueda, Mercedes; Ben Omar, Nabil; Valdivia, Eva; Martínez Cañamero, Magdalena; Gálvez, Antonio
El enlatado de alimentos ha sido una forma clásica de proporcionar un suministro continuo de alimentos independientemente de la disponibilidad estacional de materias primas. La acidificación y el tratamiento térmico son dos métodos muy utilizados en la conservación de alimentos enlatados. Sin embargo, varios tipos de bacterias pueden tolerar estas condiciones adversas y proliferar en los alimentos provocando su deterioro. Las bacterias formadoras de endosporas son un problema común en la industria alimentaria porque se encuentran con frecuencia en muchas materias primas y porque las endosporas requieren tratamientos más intensos para su inactivación que las células vegetativas. Esto da como resultado mayores costos de procesamiento y una calidad del producto menos preservada. La supervivencia de las endosporas bacterianas durante el procesamiento de alimentos es de especial importancia en los alimentos enlatados, y a menudo se requieren otros obstáculos adicionales, como la acidificación, para mejorar el crecimiento de las endosporas y el deterioro de los alimentos. Bacillus coagulans es una bacteria de deterioro ligeramente acidófila y termotolerante que genera considerable preocupación durante el procesamiento de alimentos ácidos y acidificados. Esta bacteria puede causar un deterioro “agrio”, debido a la producción de ácido láctico sin formación de gas. Las esporas de B. coagulans pueden germinar y crecer a valores de pH tan bajos como 4, y son importantes en alimentos vegetales ( Brackett, 2001 ) y en frutas enlatadas, especialmente en productos de tomate, con un pH de 4,1 a 5,0. Por esta razón, B. coagulans es el microorganismo aislado con mayor frecuencia de vegetales enlatados en mal estado acidificados a valores de pH entre 4 y 4,5 ( Mallidis et al., 1990 ). En alimentos con pH bajo, B . coagulans también es capaz de aumentar el pH del alimento a valores que puedan permitir la germinación de las esporas supervivientes de C. botulinum ( Fields et al., 1977 , Anderson, 1984 ). Además, esta bacteria también se encuentra frecuentemente en la leche y algunos productos lácteos ( Shehata et al., 1983 , Cosentino et al., 1997 ), y ha estado involucrada en alteraciones como el “agrio plano” de la leche evaporada ( Kalogridou-Vassiliadou, 1992). ) y “coagulación dulce” de leche condensada enlatada ( Carić, 1994 ). Además, también se ha descrito entre las bacterias implicadas en el deterioro del vino por olor a corcho ( Sponholz, 1993 ). La aplicación de bacteriocinas como sustancias antimicrobianas naturales en la bioconservación (el uso de células vivas y/o sus productos con fines de conservación) se ha centrado principalmente en alimentos y productos alimenticios de origen animal ( Stiles, 1996 , Cleveland et al., 2001, Devlieghere et al. ., 2004 ) y se ha trabajado muy poco sobre la aplicación de bacteriocinas para la conservación de alimentos vegetales. Existen escasos informes sobre los efectos de bacteriocinas contra B. coagulans , como el lantibiótico nisina ( Roberts y Hoover, 1996 ) y la bacteriocina enterocócica EJ97 ( Gálvez et al., 1998 , García et al., 2003 ). El péptido cíclico de amplio espectro bacteriocina enterocina AS-48 de Enterococcus faecalis también es activo contra diferentes especies de bacilos ( Gálvez et al., 1986 ). Los diversos estudios realizados sobre esta bacteriocina han contribuido a dilucidar su composición y estructura molecular así como su modo de acción y sus determinantes genéticos (revisado por Maqueda et al., 2004 ). La enterocina AS-48 es resistente al calor, sensible a las proteasas digestivas, no tóxica para las células eucariotas y ofrece un buen potencial para su aplicación en la conservación de alimentos ( Maqueda et al., 2004 ). Recientemente, se han informado resultados satisfactorios en la aplicación de enterocina AS-48 para productos lácteos, carne y jugos de frutas, incluidas bacterias patógenas y/o de deterioro como Staphylococcus aureus , Listeria monocytogenes , Bacillus cereus y Alicyclobacillus sp. ( Muñoz et al., 2004 , Ananou et al., 2005 , Grande et al., 2005a ). El propósito del presente trabajo fue probar la eficacia de la enterocina AS-48 en alimentos vegetales enlatados contra la bacteria de descomposición B. coagulans . Los objetivos específicos fueron determinar la concentración de AS-48 requerida para la inactivación de las células vegetativas de B. coagulans , determinar la influencia de los aditivos (ácido láctico y azúcares) sobre la actividad de la bacteriocina y probar si el efecto letal de los tratamientos térmicos sobre las endosporas de esta bacteria podría potenciarse mediante la adición de bacteriocina.
Application of the broad-spectrum bacteriocin enterocin AS-48 to inhibit Bacillus coagulans in canned fruit and vegetable foods
(Elsevier, 2006-05-20) Lucas-López, Rosario; Grande-Burgos, María José; Abriouel, Hikmate; Maqueda, Mercedes; Ben Omar, Nabil; Valdivia, Eva; Martínez-Cañamero, Magdalena; Gálvez, Antonio
El enlatado de alimentos ha sido una forma clásica de proporcionar un suministro continuo de alimentos independientemente de la disponibilidad estacional de materias primas. La acidificación y el tratamiento térmico son dos métodos muy utilizados en la conservación de alimentos enlatados. Sin embargo, varios tipos de bacterias pueden tolerar estas condiciones adversas y proliferar en los alimentos provocando su deterioro. Las bacterias formadoras de endosporas son un problema común en la industria alimentaria porque se encuentran con frecuencia en muchas materias primas y porque las endosporas requieren tratamientos más intensos para su inactivación que las células vegetativas. Esto da como resultado mayores costos de procesamiento y una calidad del producto menos preservada. La supervivencia de las endosporas bacterianas durante el procesamiento de alimentos es de especial importancia en los alimentos enlatados, y a menudo se requieren otros obstáculos adicionales, como la acidificación, para mejorar el crecimiento de las endosporas y el deterioro de los alimentos. Bacillus coagulans es una bacteria de deterioro ligeramente acidófila y termotolerante que genera considerable preocupación durante el procesamiento de alimentos ácidos y acidificados. Esta bacteria puede causar un deterioro “agrio”, debido a la producción de ácido láctico sin formación de gas. Las esporas de B. coagulans pueden germinar y crecer a valores de pH tan bajos como 4, y son importantes en alimentos vegetales ( Brackett, 2001 ) y en frutas enlatadas, especialmente en productos de tomate, con un pH de 4,1 a 5,0. Por esta razón, B. coagulans es el microorganismo aislado con mayor frecuencia de vegetales enlatados en mal estado acidificados a valores de pH entre 4 y 4,5 ( Mallidis et al., 1990 ). En alimentos con pH bajo, B . coagulans también es capaz de aumentar el pH del alimento a valores que puedan permitir la germinación de las esporas supervivientes de C. botulinum ( Fields et al., 1977 , Anderson, 1984 ). Además, esta bacteria también se encuentra frecuentemente en la leche y algunos productos lácteos ( Shehata et al., 1983 , Cosentino et al., 1997 ), y ha estado involucrada en alteraciones como el “agrio plano” de la leche evaporada ( Kalogridou-Vassiliadou, 1992). ) y “coagulación dulce” de leche condensada enlatada ( Carić, 1994 ). Además, también se ha descrito entre las bacterias implicadas en el deterioro del vino por olor a corcho ( Sponholz, 1993 ). La aplicación de bacteriocinas como sustancias antimicrobianas naturales en la bioconservación (el uso de células vivas y/o sus productos con fines de conservación) se ha centrado principalmente en alimentos y productos alimenticios de origen animal ( Stiles, 1996 , Cleveland et al., 2001, Devlieghere et al. ., 2004 ) y se ha trabajado muy poco sobre la aplicación de bacteriocinas para la conservación de alimentos vegetales. Existen escasos informes sobre los efectos de bacteriocinas contra B. coagulans , como el lantibiótico nisina ( Roberts y Hoover, 1996 ) y la bacteriocina enterocócica EJ97 ( Gálvez et al., 1998 , García et al., 2003 ). El péptido cíclico de amplio espectro bacteriocina enterocina AS-48 de Enterococcus faecalis también es activo contra diferentes especies de bacilos ( Gálvez et al., 1986 ). Los diversos estudios realizados sobre esta bacteriocina han contribuido a dilucidar su composición y estructura molecular así como su modo de acción y sus determinantes genéticos (revisado por Maqueda et al., 2004 ). La enterocina AS-48 es resistente al calor, sensible a las proteasas digestivas, no tóxica para las células eucariotas y ofrece un buen potencial para su aplicación en la conservación de alimentos ( Maqueda et al., 2004 ). Recientemente, se han informado resultados satisfactorios en la aplicación de enterocina AS-48 para productos lácteos, carne y jugos de frutas, incluidas bacterias patógenas y/o de deterioro como Staphylococcus aureus , Listeria monocytogenes , Bacillus cereus y Alicyclobacillus sp. ( Muñoz et al., 2004 , Ananou et al., 2005 , Grande et al., 2005a ). El propósito del presente trabajo fue probar la eficacia de la enterocina AS-48 en alimentos vegetales enlatados contra la bacteria de descomposición B. coagulans . Los objetivos específicos fueron determinar la concentración de AS-48 requerida para la inactivación de las células vegetativas de B. coagulans , determinar la influencia de los aditivos (ácido láctico y azúcares) sobre la actividad de la bacteriocina y probar si el efecto letal de los tratamientos térmicos sobre las endosporas de esta bacteria podría potenciarse mediante la adición de bacteriocina.
Associations between the impact of menopausal symptoms and fall-related self-efficacy
(Lippincott, 2023-04-01) Espírito Santo, João; Marques de Loureiro, Nuno Eduardo; Brandão Loureiro, Vânia; Aibar-Almazán, Agustín; Hita-Contreras, Fidel
Objective: To analyze the association between the severity of menopausal symptoms and two important fall risk factors, namely balance confidence and fear of falling, among Portuguese and Spanish postmenopausal women aged ≥ 65 years. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 363 women (66.21 ± 9.00 years) from several Portuguese and Spanish locations. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was used to evaluate the severity of menopausal symptoms, while the Falls Efficacy Scale-International and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale-16 items were used to assess balance confidence and fear of falling, respectively. Anxiety and depression (evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), age, time since the onset of menopause, body mass index (BMI), history of falls, osteoporosis, smoking habit, physical activity level, and nocturia were considered as potential confounders. Independent associations were analyzed after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Student’s t test, bivariate correlations and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed. Results: A total of 363 women (66.21 ± 9.00 years) participated in the study, 192 from Portugal and 171 from Spain. Linear regression analysis indicates that more severe menopausal symptoms at a somato-vegetative level (beta coefficient (β) = -0.25; 95% confidence interval (95% CI):-2.09 to -0.81; p = <0.001), a higher BMI (β = -0.16; 95% CI:-1.22 to -0.22; p = 0.005), and osteoporosis (β = 0.14; 95% CI: 1.36 to 10.08; p = 0.010) were associated with lower balance confidence values. On the other hand, a higher score in the MRS somato-vegetative domain (β = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.79; p = <0.001), depression (β = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.08; p = <0.001), and years after the menopause onset (β = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.22; p = 0.006) were linked to increased fear of falling. Conclusions: The findings of our study show that, after taking into account possible confounders, increased severity of menopausal symptoms at a somatic level was associated with heightened fear of falling and diminished balance confidence.
Associations of sleep and depression with obesity and sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults
(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2020-12) Fábrega-Cuadros, Raquel; Cruz-Díaz, David; Martínez-Amat, Antonio; Aibar-Almazán, Agustín; Redecillas-Peiró, María Teresa; Contreras-Hita, Fidel
Objectives: To analyze the association of depression and the quality and duration of sleep with general and abdominal obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity (SO) in Spanish middle-aged and older adults. Study design and outcome measures: A total of 304 participants (72.04±7.88 years, 83.88% women) participated in this study. Body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index (bioelectrical impedance analysis), and hand-grip strength were used to evaluate sarcopenia, obesity, and SO. The Pittsburgh Sleep quality index was used for sleep quality. Sleep duration (hours) was categorized as either short (<6), normal (6-8), or long (>8). Depression was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment survey) and physical activity (PA) level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form) were also assessed. Independent associations were evaluated by multivariate logistic regressions. Results: Only depression was associated with sarcopenia (OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.02-1.19). Poorer sleep quality (OR=1.06, 95% CI=1.06-1.11) and short sleep duration (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.45-4.78) were related to general obesity, as well as fatigue and low PA level. Poor sleep latency (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.09-1.87) was linked to abdominal obesity, along with fatigue, low PA level, older age, and female sex. Finally, short sleep duration (OR=5.25, 95% CI=1.97-14.00), together with fatigue, low PA level, and male sex were associated with OS. Conclusion: Among Spanish middle-aged and older adults, after adjusting for potential confounding variables, depression was uniquely associated with sarcopenia, while short sleep duration was related to general and sarcopenic obesity, and poor sleep quality was linked to general and abdominal obesity.

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