DOEMS-Artículos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/10953/259

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Intangibles en la Internacionalización de las Bodegas Españolas: percepción directiva y comparada entre empresas familiares y no familiares
(2011-10-01) Fuentes Lombardo, Guadalupe; Fernández-Ortiz, Rubén; Cano-Rubio, Myriam
Purpose: To determine which of the intangible resources possessed by companies from the Spanish viticultural sector can serve as a source of competitive advantage in the development of their international strategies. Exploratory study of the impact of the different intangible resources possessed by Spanish wineries on the development of their international strategies: differences depending on the family-owned or non family-owned character of the viticultural companies in question. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical quantitative study of descriptive nature basically using the analysis of information gathered from surveys carried out with managers in Spanish wineries, family and nonfamily, representative of the sector in the national context. Findings: Companies from the Spanish viticultural sector show an intangible resource endowment, as a source of competitive advantage in the development of their international strategies. This endowment varies depending on the resources analyzed (technological, human, organizational and relational resources) and, in some aspects, does vary depending whether the firm is family-owned or not. Research limitations: We have focused our study in only one economic sector completely. The same analysis or study in other industrial sectors would provide different results from those achieved in this study. Practical implications: The main challenges facing Spanish wineries in achieving success are emphasized taking into consideration their intangible resource endowment, in order to reinforce their competitive position in international markets. Social implications: This study points out the way that different public and private organizations and institutions of the viticultural sector could help wineries to overcome the challenges that have been set out in this study. Just as it directs which different policies and how they should be applied to the intangible resources in the viticultural sector. Originality/value: Although there is numerous data and information about the International trade of the Spanish viticultural sector, no previous study has focused on the analysis of these companies’ intangible resources as a source of competitive advantage in the development of their international strategies. Furthermore, none of these previous studies have taken into account whether the winery is family-owned or not. It is a first piece of work that leads the foundations about the effective resource endowment of Spanish family wineries.
Improving e-economy by regional governments
(Emerald, 2014-05-13) Chavea Ávila, Rafael; Bernal-Jurado, Enrique; Mozas-Moral, Adoración; Puentes-Poyatos, Raquel
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse and assess a government support programme for business innovation in a very peripherical European region: the Spanish region of Andalucía. Design/methodology/approach Endogenous development approach is used to categorize the main public and private actions included in the government ICT support programme. Cross-time analysis has been carried out by using three territorial indicators of diffusion and effective use of ICT: the physical aspect, refereed to the infrastructures used as a base for the information society development (infrastructures, technology and equipment); the actors and their degree of organization (firms present on the internet and support organizations and institutions); and knowledge, refereed to the technological sprawl and the entrepreneurship capacity (fostering innovation and training among the general population and businesses). Findings The study confirms that the public policies implemented are coherent with the endogenous development approach, where investment in physical and human capital have been accompanied by enabling measures of interaction between firms and other economical agents (universities, business associations, business centres and technology institutes, etc.), with a view to favouring the dissemination of innovations and knowledge among firms. Secondly, the research assess the impact of this ICT programme, both in terms of economic growth and per capita income, as well as on the main variables that reflect the degree of business participation in the Information Society. Results show that, during the period 1996-2010, this region has made important progress in terms of convergence with more advanced European regions. Research limitations/implications The study has methodological implications in terms of designs of further ICT programmes in less developed European regions to broke the digital divide. Practical implications Recent outlooks of the OECD call for more assessment research on ICT national and regional policies around the world, especially those that prove that it is possible to broke the international digital divide. The present study suggests that public policies following the directives laid down by the endogenous development approach can reach this economic and social target. The Andalucía Information Society Programme constitutes a real commitment and private-public partnership towards a structural change in the technological culture amongst businesses. Investment in physical capital and human capital has been accompanied by measures that enable the interaction of firms with other economic agents (university, business associations, technology centres, etc.), with a view to favouring the dissemination of innovation and knowledge among firms. Originality/value The study uses for the first time the endogenous development approach applied to a less advanced region for evaluation of ICT policy and it improves a methodology based on this approach to assess its effectiveness.
Family firms as incubators for ethical behavior: An exploratory study from the perspective of stewardship theory
(Cambridge University Press, 2014-12-16) Vallejo-Martos, Manuel Carlos; Puentes-Poyatos, Raquel
This work aims to determine whether family firms have differential characteristics that make them better incubators for ethical behavior from the perspective of stewardship theory. Results show that the psychological and situational factors that stewardship theory points to as determinants in the construction of principal–steward relationships are more evident in family firms than in non-family firms. These factors result in the behavior of owners and non-family employees becoming more ethical – with all the benefits this implies for these firms.
Designations and consumer perceptions: An experimental study and implications for agricultural policy
(Emerald, 2015-03-02) Marano-Marcolini, Carla; Parras-Rosa, Manuel; López-Zafra, Esther
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the labeling and denominations of olive oils and to examine to what extent these factors confuse consumers. Specifically, the authors analyze the extent to which the different denominations of olive oil prevent consumers from distinguishing among the types of olive oil. Furthermore, the authors analyze whether the current generic names of olive oil affect consumer perceptions regarding the product’s various qualities and characteristics. Design/methodology/approach The authors performed an experiment with 128 participants divided into two groups (experimental n=64 and control n=64). In the pretest, participants completed a survey with 12 terms related to olive oil. The experimental group was then trained in the meaning of each term, after which the group returned to complete the same survey. Findings The authors can confirm H1 and H2. Results show that there is no clear knowledge regarding some of these terms. Social implications This study provides positive implications to both consumers, providing them a clear information, and producers and marketers, helping distinguish in the market olive oils of more quality. Originality/value This paper is pioneer in the literature. The authors provide a number of proposals and amendments regarding olive oil names to improve the knowledge and clarity of olive oil with direct implications for agricultural policy.
Influence of the lack of a standard definition of “family business” on research into their international strategies
(Elsevier España, S.L.U., 2017-03-06) Cano-Rubio, Myriam; Fuentes Lombardo, Guadalupe; Vallejo Martos, Manuel Carlos
tResearch into the internationalisation strategies of family businesses is plagued by the excessive use ofmany and varied concepts to define these companies, and often leads to diverse and disparate results. Theconceptual spectrum used by researchers is very broad, ranging from the simplest definition, in which acompany is classified as a family business on the basis of the perception of its owners and/or managers, toothers which consider variables such as ownership, management, involvement of the family in the busi-ness, continuity and combinations thereof. The results obtained highlight the need for those researchingfamily business internationalisation strategies to use a standard definition of family business, so enablingus to continue advancing in our knowledge of this topic and avoid coming to different conclusions merelyas a result of having based our research on different definitions.
Composition of familiness: Perspectives of social capital and open systemsComposición de familiness: perspectivas de capital social y sistemas abiertos
(Elsevier España, S.L.U., 2017-03-28) Cano-Rubio, Myriam; Fuentes-Lombardo, Guadalupe; Hernández-Ortiz, María Jesús; Vallejo-Martos, Manuel Carlos
The literature has usually omitted family factors from the development of strategicmodels of family firms. These businesses have instead been analysed using traditional modelsand this has led to divergent results about their performance. This paper considers the overlapof family, business, and individuals in producing the concept of familiness --- whose compositionis approached from the perspective of social capital and open systems. This approach bridgesthe research gap regarding the composition of familiness (which has been traditionally measuredas an indicator of the implication of the family in the business) and the component and essenceapproaches to family business are compared.
A consumer-oriented model for analysing the suitability of food classification systems
(Elsevier, 2017-05-01) Marano-Marcolini, Carla; Torres-Ruiz, Francisco J.
The main function of food classification systems is to regulate the market and inform it (consumers above all) about the different types of products and their characteristics. However, the reality is that many of these systems give rise to confusion and prevent consumers from obtaining a clear idea of them, making the purchasing process more difficult. The objective of this study was to propose a method that can be used as a basis or reference framework for analysing the suitability of any food classification system, based on maximising consumer comprehension and learning, before introducing it into the market. The model proposed establishes the procedure and the necessary indicators for identifying the advantages and drawbacks of each of the different systems, making it possible to compare their suitability. The model was tested empirically by comparing the current classification of orange juices and Iberian ham with two different proposals, in an experiment conducted with an online consumer panel, and using MANCOVA to analyse the differences between the six indicators related to consumer learning results. It was concluded that the model is suitable for assessing the suitability of the classification systems, as it shows technical viability, ease of introduction in practically any situation and the ability to facilitate and guide the process of drawing up consumer-oriented food classification systems.
Oleotourism: Local Actors for Local Tourism Development
(MDPI, 2018-05-09) Tregua, Marco; D´Auria, Anna; Marano-Marcolini, Carla
Olive oil consumption has grown substantially in recent years, due in part to the fact that olive oil is healthy. Much of the global olive oil production comes from the rural areas of Jaén in southern Spain. Surrounding this industry, services such as oleotourism are increasing. This paper aims to identify the key elements supporting the development of oleotourism. After a preliminary exploratory analysis of the existing data, a qualitative analysis was performed with actors directly involved in the industry in Jaén. The results helped us define the level of the stakeholders’ involvement and the sustainability, the opportunities, and the constraints affecting oleotourism in this area. The practical implications of this investigation can be useful for governing agencies, local firms, and the tourism industry in support of oleotourism development.
In search of a consumer-focused food classification system. An experimental heuristic approach to differentiate degrees of quality
(Elsevier, 2018-06-01) Torres-Ruiz, Francisco J.; Marano-Marcolini, Carla; López-Zafra, Esther
The present paper focuses on the problems that arise in food classification systems (FCSs), especially when the food product type has different levels or grades of quality. Despite the principal function of these systems being to assist the consumer (to inform, clarify and facilitate choice and purchase), they frequently have the opposite effect. Thus, the main aim of the present research involves providing orientations for the design of effective food classification systems. To address this objective, considering the context of food product consumption (related to heuristic processing), we conducted an experimental study with 720 participants. We analysed the usefulness of heuristic elements by a factorial 2 (category length: short and long) × 3 (visual signs: colours, numbers and images) design in relation to recall and recognition activities. The results showed that the elements used to make the classification more effective for consumers vary depending on whether the user seeks to prioritize the recall or the recognition of product categories. Thus, long categories with images significantly improve recognition, and short categories with colours improve recall. A series of recommendations are provided that can help to enhance FCSs and to make them more intuitive and easier to understand for consumers. Implications with regard to theory and practice are discussed.
The curve of knowledge transfer: a theoretical model
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018-07-12) De Luca, Pasquale; Cano-Rubio, Myriam
Purpose – The knowledge transfer plays a key role in the firm’s capability to develop and to maintain a strategic competitive advantage over time. The capability of the firm to develop an efficient and effective process of knowledge transfer increases the internal skills and then the capability to compete in the business with positive effects on the performance. In order to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of the knowledge transfer process it must be consider two main variables: the amount of knowledge to be transferred and the speed of the process. In this contest, the purpose of this paper is to developed a theoretical model, defined the knowledge transfer curve, able to evaluate the knowledge transfer process on the basis of its speed. Design/methodology/approach – The curve of the knowledge transfer is based on the methodology of the learning curve. The curve of the knowledge transfer process can be evaluated on the basis of two main variables: the first is the content of knowledge to be transferred. It refers to the quality and quantity of the information to be transferred within the firm; and the second is the speed of the knowledge transfer process. It refers to the time in which the knowledge transfer can be realized. The function of the knowledge transfer is defined using ordinary differential equation. Findings – There is an inverse relationship between time t and the variation rate r. The higher the variable r, the faster the knowledge transfer toward the level K. Therefore, the variable r measures the efficiency and effectiveness of the knowledge transfer process. On the basis of these considerations, manager must evaluate their policies about the knowledge transfer on the basis of their effects on the variable r: only the policy that increases its value can be considered effective for the knowledge transfer process. Originality/value – The originality resides in the development of a theoretical model that is able to capture and measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the knowledge transfer. It is possible to define a curve of knowledge transfer on the basis of these two variables: content of the knowledge to be transferred and the time of the transfer process, by using an ordinary differential equation.
Situación actual de la igualdad de género en los órganos de gobierno de las sociedades cooperativas agroalimentarias
(Ediciones Complutense, 2018-09) Hernández-Ortiz, Mª Jesús; Ruiz-Jiménez, Mª del Carmen; Garcia-Marti, Elia; Pedrosa-Ortega, Cristina
En los últimos años ha habido un creciente interés por incrementar la participación de la mujer en los ámbitos de la toma de decisiones y visibilizar su participación en las cooperativas del medio rural. Como consecuencia, fundamentalmente, de la publicación de la Ley Orgánica 3/2007, de 22 de marzo, para la igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres, se intenta promover el cumplimiento, desarrollo e implementación de esta Ley Orgánica en el medio rural y también dar cumplimiento a los acuerdos internacionales en materia de igualdad de género. Las administraciones, los agentes sociales y las organizaciones vinculadas con el medio rural intentan aportar un marco de juego propicio para revertir la situación que sufren las mujeres en todas las sociedades y culturas, y que se ve acentuada en el medio rural por la débil situación demográfica y socioeconómica que lo caracteriza en la mayor parte del territorio español. En el presente trabajo analizamos la información disponible sobre la composición de los consejos rectores de las sociedades cooperativas agroalimentarias incluidas en la base de datos SABI (Balance Sheets Analysis Systems) para conocer en qué medida están alcanzando o no este objetivo de paridad marcado por la Ley de Igualdad. Del mismo modo, relacionamos la mayor o menor participación de la mujer en los consejos rectores con otras características empresariales y personales (localización geográfica, sector de actividad, edad de la empresa, número de trabajadores, primer grado o de segundo grado) para comprobar la existencia de posibles diferencias significativas en función de algunas de ellas. Este estudio contribuye a la literatura proporcionando información sobre la participación de la mujer en los órganos de gobierno de las sociedades cooperativas agroalimentarias, un aspecto apenas estudiado en trabajos previos.
Planteamiento de un modelo de evaluación de Lean Supply Chain Management
(Universidad de Jaén, 2019) Garcia-Buendia, Noelia; Moyano-Fuentes, José; Maqueira-Marín, Juan Manuel
This paper proposes a model for evaluating lean supply chain management performance, based on the most commonly used performance indicators in the literature. The starting point is a Systematic Literature Review previously carried out by the authors, in order to identify the indicators that have received the most consensus, and a classification is made according to their nature, depending on whether it is operational, financial or market-based. The purpose of this model is to serve as a basis for the elaboration of a Balanced Scorecard model. Thus, a theoretical model is proposed to evaluate the results derived from lean supply chain management, grouping the indicators into approaches or perspectives of interest so that managers can guide their decision-making, similar to a balanced scorecard.
HEIGHT AND INEQUALITY IN SPAIN: A LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE
(Cambridge University Press, 2019) Cámara Hueso, Antonio D.; Martínez Carrión, José M.; Puche Gil, Javier; Ramon Muñoz, Josep M.
This article analyses the evolution of nutritional inequality in Spain among cohorts born between 1840 and 1964. With male height data (N = 358,253), the secular trend of biological well-being and intergenerational anthropometric inequalities are studied based on the coefficient of variation, height percentiles and socioeconomic categories (students, literate non-students and illiterate). The results reveal that the nutritional inequalities were very large in the mid-19th century. Anthropometric inequalities diminished among those born between 1880 and 1919 and increased again, although only moderately, from the cohorts of the 1920s. From the 1930s there was a cycle of sustained increase in height. Despite nutritional improvement, the data suggest that nutritional inequalities increased during the Franco regime, affecting the low-income population segments particularly.
Analysis of domestic cultural tourism spend by segment in the city of Granada: An observational data approach
(Elsevier, 2019-01) Castañeda-García, José Alberto; Vena-Oya, Julio; Rodríguez-Molina, Miguel Angel; Martínez-Suárez, Rocío
This paper provides an analysis of expenditure among domestic tourists visiting a cultural destination, based on the case of the City of Granada, Spain. For that purpose, we constructed a sample of 145 domestic tourists who registered their travel expenditure via a mobile application that provided a basis for identifying tourist segments by different determinants. Using these data, first the study analyzes the determinants of spend according to tourist segment, using a latent class model. Four segments are identified, presenting significant differences in the determinants of the spend reported by the tourist, and different levels of total actual spend at the destination. Second, within the total spend, a distinction is made between a) the proportion spent on attractions and cultural activities and b) all other expenses. In particular, the study analyzes the differences in the number of purchases, the value of each purchase and the geographical distribution of the purchases across the destination. One of the main findings is that, across the four tourist segments identified in the study, there are differences in total actual spend and noncultural spend. However, within cultural spend, similar behavior is found throughout the different segments.
The Stakeholder Salience Model Revisited: Evidence from Agri-Food Cooperatives in Spain
(MDPI, 2019-01-22) Pedrosa-Ortega, Cristina; Hernández-Ortiz, Mª Jesús; Garcia Marti, Elia; Vallejo-Martos, Manuel Carlos
In recent decades, the importance of cooperatives in agri-food markets has been evident. Specifically, in Spain they represent a very important part of the agri-food industry. However, there is no significant evidence of substantial differences in their management, different from the general business case. The main objective of this study is to examine how a certain organizational context influences manager decisions and perceptions. The purpose is studying whether this influence causes changes to the main conclusions of the stakeholder salience original model. The working methodology consists of carrying out an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (from the data of 352 agri-food cooperatives in Spain) in order to test the psychometric properties of measurement scales, and the hypothesized relationships between attributes and stakeholder salience results are examined using structural equation modeling. Results show that the measurement of the stakeholder salience varies in agri-food cooperatives. The contributions of this study are to confirm that: (1) in agri-food cooperatives legitimacy is the first measurement of stakeholder salience, unlike the general business case where that is power; (2) the attribute of urgency remains unchanged from the proposed model; and (3) add to the original model the attribute of durability because of the permanence of the interest of stakeholders in agri-food cooperatives.
Corporate Corruption Prevention, Sustainable Governance and Legislation: First Exploratory Evidence from the ltalian Scenario
(Elsevier, 2019-01-25) Lombardi, Rosa; Trequattrini, Raffaele; Cuozzo, Benedetta; Cano Rubio, Myriam
This paper aims to identify the main issues and drivers of sustainable corporate governance to prevent corruption, analysing the interaction between the principal governance body–Board of Directors–and the implementation and application of corruption prevention plans by pointing out exploratory evidence from the company sample. This paper is built upon two steps. First, the content analysis research method is applied, selecting a sample of Italian companies and analysing information from the corruption prevention plans to establish the role of the Board of Directors in the management of company's system. Second, the level of the implication of Board of Directors in drafting through the identification of the Global Indicator is investigated, measuring the degree of the Board of Directors' involvement and making use of the content analysis's results. Additionally, a linear regression between the Global Indicator, companies dimensional indicator and performance indicators is carried out with the aim to define variables affecting this process. The paper proposes exploratory evidence which shows a deep understanding of the governance body in the construction and application of the corporate corruption prevention plans, taking into consideration crucial information from: the anti-corruption national legislation (Law 190/2012), risk management and organization model (Legislative Decree 231/2001), corporate sustainability and compliance programs adopted by companies. The originality of the findings derives from the need to establish an integrated sustainable corporate governance model directed at preventing corruption. Thus, this paper proposes not only the analysis of the Italian companies' compliance sustainable models to prevent corruption in their corporate governance but shows the path for future research on the topic.
Human capital in the internationalization of family firms
(Wiley Online Library, 2019-10-06) Kidwell, Roland E.; Fuentes-Lombardo, Guadalupe; Sanchez-Famoso, Valeriano; Cano-Rubio, Myriam; Kloepfer, Kathryn E.
Research concerning the influence of human capital (HC) on internationalization strategies typically highlights skills displayed by business executives. This article is one of the few studies that examines the values, attitudes, and capabilities related to the HC of international companies. Our study attempts to understand the role that HC plays in the international commitment (IC) achieved by family and nonfamily firms and whether the HC of family firms (FFs) can be considered a source of competitive advantage in pursuing an international strategy. Partial Least Squares method is used for analyzing data collected from 270 Spanish firms. Results show HC differs between family and non-FFs and plays a crucial role in the international strategy of FFs. Specifically, professional experience, training, and educational level, the degree of market and industry knowledge, specific skills to work in international markets, and concern for employees are superior in FFs, resulting in the achievement of higher levels of IC when compared to non-FFs. The results should encourage managers and/or owners of these companies to exploit and effectively govern specific human resource strengths when they enter and experience growth in other markets.
The Role of Cooperation Agreements in the Internationalization of Spanish Winery and Olive Oil Family Firms
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2019-10-31) Sanchez-Famoso, Valeriano; Cano-Rubio, Myriam; Fuentes-Lombardo, Guadalupe
Abstract Purpose – This study aims to identify the mediating role of cooperation agreements in the relationship between family involvement in international firms and their level of international commitment. Design/methodology/approach – The study focuses on Spanish international wine and olive oil companies that have varying levels of family involvement. The final sample consists of 263 companies. SmartPLS was used to perform the analysis. Findings – A higher level of family involvement in business implies greater difficulties with cooperation agreements. Additionally, family involvement is negatively associated with the firm’s level of international commitment, and the perceived difficulties of cooperation agreements mediate this relationship. Practical implications – This study is of interest to business managers with different levels of family involvement. The study clarifies their perceptions of cooperation agreements and international business commitment. Managers of firms with a high level of family involvement should emphasize the multiple benefits of cooperation agreements for international strategy performance rather than the drawbacks of cooperation. Additionally, through cooperation, companies can learn about destination markets, which may help them to focus their resources effectively in those markets. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature on the internationalization strategies of family businesses. This study is the first to address the mediating role of cooperation agreements in the relationship between family involvement and international commitment.
DOS EXPERIENCIAS DE APLICACIÓN DEL NEXO INVESTIGACIÓN-DOCENCIA EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES: LA PERSPECTIVA DEL DOCENTE UNIVERSITARIO
(Universidad de Jaén, 2020) Cámara Hueso, Antonio D.; Barros Rodríguez, Francisco; Martínez Carrión, José M.; Candela Martínez, Begoña
Hay al menos tres planos desde los que el nexo metodológico investigación-docencia puede contemplarse como factor estratégico en el proceso de aprendizaje universitario: 1) el de la productividad y competitividad científico-académica a nivel institucional; 2) el de la capacitación individual de cara a la integración en mercados laborales crecientemente competitivos y 3) el de la mejora de la eficiencia en el planteamiento de proyectos y gestión de recursos en los sectores público y privado. En los tres planos resulta evidente la contribución potencial de una docencia interactiva y experimental que ceda protagonismo a los estudiantes en la consecución de competencias. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar y discutir dos experiencias inspiradas en estas metodologías que se desarrollan en asignaturas de grados de Ciencias Sociales en las Universidades de Jaén y Murcia. En torno a dichas experiencias se comentan algunos recursos de aprendizaje aplicados en distintas fases del curso y con distintas finalidades: fundamentos de diagnóstico a partir de la resolución de problemas de investigación, asimilación práctica de conceptos, técnicas de generación y de recopilación de información, y elaboración de soportes mediáticos para la presentación y difusión de resultados de investigación. Finalmente se presentan y discuten, desde el punto de vista docente, algunos resultados de aprendizaje obtenidos, las principales dificultades detectadas en la aplicación de la metodología y los avances obtenidos en las competencias establecidas originalmente.
Information and Digital Technologies of Industry 4.0 and Lean supply chain management: a systematic literature review
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Núñez Merino, Miguel; Maqueira Marín, Juan Manuel; Moyano Fuentes, José; Martínez Jurado, Pedro
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of research and the key aspects and implications of the relationships between Information and Digital Technologies (IDT) of Industry 4.0 and Lean Supply Chain Management (LSCM), with the identification of the lines of research developed and an analysis of the main findings. A Systematic Literature Review methodology has been used for the identification, selection, and evaluation of the published research. A set of 78 papers deduced from the most relevant scientific databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, and ABI/Inform, from 1996 to December 2019, has been analyzed and synthesized. The analysis and evaluation of these papers has enabled a new classification of the literature to be offered that identifies four lines of research based on the Life Cycle of Technology: obsolete IDT in LSCM; mature IDT in LSCM; emerging IDT in LSCM; and an Information Systems and IDT general approach in LSCM. The paper goes on to discuss the gaps found in the literature and proposes new opportunities and challenges for future research. A series of implications are presented intended to be useful from not only an academic point-of-view but also from a management focus, including recommendations for industrial managers and policymakers.

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