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Neuropeptidase activity in the frontal cortex of Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats treatedwith vasoactive drugs: A bilateral study
(Wolters Kluwer Health, 2019-03) Prieto, I.; Segarra, AB.; Villarejo, AB.; de Gasparo, M.; Martinez-Cañamero, M.; Ramírez-Sánchez, M.
La hipertensión puede provocar trastornos del estado de ánimo que pueden empeorar o mejorar según el tipo de antihipertensivo prescrito. La depresión se asocia a modificaciones de la asimetría cerebral basal, en particular la de la corteza frontal, que está implicada en el control de la presión arterial. Además, diferentes fármacos vasoactivos pueden cambiar la asimetría del cerebro de una manera que contribuya al estado cognitivo. Estudiamos la actividad bilateral de varias neuropeptidasas en la corteza frontal como reflejo del estado funcional de ciertos neuropéptidos implicados en el estado de ánimo. Utilizando derivados de arilamida como sustratos, analizamos fluorométricamente la actividad de estas enzimas en la corteza frontal izquierda y derecha de ratas control no tratadas Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) y ratas espontáneamente hipertensas (SHR) y comparamos sus actividades con WKY o SHR tratadas con los fármacos antihipertensivos captopril (CAP) y propranolol (PRO) o con el éster metílico de N (G)-nitro-L-arginina para la hipertensión. También se midió la PAS en todos los grupos WKY y SHR. Los pacientes WKY no tratados, WKY tratados con CAP o PRO y SHR tratados con CAP mostraron valores normotensos de PAS. Sin embargo, los pacientes WKY tratados con N(G)-nitro-L-arginina metil éster, así como los pacientes SHR no tratados y los pacientes SHR tratados con PRO y N(G)-nitro-L-arginina metil éster, mostraron valores hipertensos de PAS. Los cambios en la distribución bilateral de las neuropeptidasas dependieron de la cepa, la enzima analizada y el fármaco utilizado. Los grupos WKY normotensos (WKY, CAP, PRO) revelaron correlaciones intrahemisféricas principalmente en el hemisferio izquierdo. Por el contrario, los pacientes WKY tratados con N(G)-nitro-L-arginina metil éster y los grupos SHR demostraron correlaciones intrahemisféricas principalmente en el hemisferio derecho. Las correlaciones interhemisféricas se observaron principalmente en los grupos WKY así como en los SHR con tratamientos antihipertensivos (CAP, PRO). Nuestros resultados sugieren patrones bilaterales específicos de la actividad de las neuropeptidasas en el cerebro en WKY que cambian en SHR. Esta observación puede estar relacionada con los trastornos cognitivos que se han descrito en estos animales y que cambian con el tratamiento con fármacos antihipertensivos o antihipertensivos.
Efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy, compared to corticosteroid injections, on pain, plantar fascia thickness and foot function in patients with plantar fasciitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2024-05-23) Cortes-Perez, Irene; Moreno-Montilla, Laura; Ibanez-Vera, Alfonso Javier; Diaz-Fernandez, Angeles; Obrero-Gaitan, Esteban; Lomas-Vega, Rafael
Does participation in therapeutic exercise programs after finishing oncology treatment still ensure an adequate health status for long-term breast cancer survivors? A ≥ 5 years follow-up study
(SPRINGER, 2023-05-18) Álvarez-Salvago, Francisco; Jiménez-García, José Daniel; Pujol-Fuentes, Clara; Atienzar-Aroca, Sandra; Molina-García, Cristina; Aibar-Almazán, Agustín
Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate whether the effects of two therapeutic exercise programs are sustained over time (≥ 5 years) in long-term breast cancer survivors (LTBCS). Second, to determine the influence of the current level of physical activity (PA) performed on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) that these patients may present ≥5 years later. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with a cohort of 80 LTBCS in Granada during 2018. Firstly, considering their participation in one of the programs, they were allocated into two groups: usual care and therapeutic exercise program, to assess CRF, pain and pressure pain sensitivity, muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life. Secondly, they were also classified into 3 groups according to current level of weekly PA performed: ≤ 3, 3.1-7.4, and ≥ 7.5 (MET-hour/week) respectively, to assess its impact over CRF. Results: Although the positive effects of the programs are not sustained over time, a trend toward significance can be observed for a greater reduction in overall CRF levels, lower intensity of pain in the affected arm and cervical region, and greater functional capacity and quality of life in the group that underwent therapeutic exercise. Additionally, 66.25% of LTBCS are inactive ≥ 5 years after completion of the program and furthermore, such inactivity is accompanied by higher CRF levels (P .013 to .046). Conclusion: The positive effects of therapeutic exercise programs are not maintained over time for LTBCS. Additionally, more than half of these women (66.25%) are inactive ≥ 5 years after completion of the program, this inactivity being accompanied by higher levels of CRF.
Antimicrobial Activity and Biodiversity Study of a Homemade Vegetable Puree Treated with Antimicrobials from Paenibacillus dendritiformis
(2023-06-07) Mena, Laura; Grande, M.J.; Gálvez, A.
El Paenibacillus dendritiformis UJA2219 aislado de la zanahoria produce una actividad antibacteriana de amplio espectro. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el impacto de los extractos de cultivos celulares parcialmente purificados de la cepa UJA2219 sobre la carga microbiana y la diversidad bacteriana de un puré de verduras casero. El puré se expuso a un cultivo de la cepa UJA2219 durante la noche o a extractos de caldo de cultivo parcialmente purificados mediante cromatografía de intercambio catiónico (CE) o cromatografía de fase reversa (RP) e incubados durante 7 días a temperaturas de 4 °C o 25 °C. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron a 25 °C con el extracto de RP, disminuyendo los recuentos de las presuntas Enterobacteriaceae por debajo de los niveles detectables. La diversidad bacteriana del puré de control y tratado se estudió mediante secuenciación de extremos emparejados de Illumina, utilizando ADN extraído de las muestras de puré incubadas a 25 °C durante 24 h. Los controles y el puré inoculado con la cepa UJA2219 mostraron un perfil de diversidad bacteriana casi idéntico, con Pseudomonadota (principalmente Fam. Pseudomonadaceae -gen. Pseudomonas - y Enterobacteriace como los grupos más abundantes). Las mayores diferencias en la diversidad bacteriana se obtuvieron en el puré tratado con extracto de RP, mostrando una disminución en la abundancia relativa de Pseudomonadota (especialmente gen. Pseudomonas ) y un aumento de Bacillota (principalmente de los géneros Bacillus , Enterococcus y Lactococcus ). Los resultados del estudio sugieren que las preparaciones antimicrobianas de la cepa UJA2219 tienen potencial de aplicación en la biopreservación de alimentos.
Effect of combined physical–cognitive training on the functional and cognitive capacity of older people with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial
(BMC, 2024-07-08) Castellote-Caballero, Yolanda; Carcelén-Fraile, María del Carmen; Aibar-Almazán, Agustín; Afanador-Restrepo, Diego; González-Martín, Ana María
Background: The increase in population aging highlights the growing prevalence of mild cognitive impairment, prompting the adoption of interventions that combine physical exercise and cognitive training to improve health and cognitive performance in older adults. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of a combined program on physical and cognitive health in older people with cognitive impairment. Methods: A 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial involving 95 participants (aged 72.12 ± 4.25 years), 47 individuals participated in a control group (CG) that only underwent cognitive stimulation, while 48 individuals were in an experimental group (EG) that participated in a combined program. Balance was measured using the Tinetti scale, upper body strength was assessed with the arm curl test, lower body strength was evaluated with the 30-s chair stand test, flexibility was tested using the back scratch test and chair sit-and-reach test, physical function was measured with the Timed Up and Go test, cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination, cognitive impairment was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, verbal fluency was tested with the Isaac test, and executive functions were assessed using the Trail Making Test. Results: The results of the study show significant improvements in both physical and cognitive aspects, such as balance, gait, upper and lower body strength, flexibility, physical function, cognitive function, cognitive impairment, verbal fluency, and executive functions in the group that carried out the intervention compared to the control group. Conclusion: A combined program for older individuals with mild cognitive impairment leads to enhancements in physical and cognitive health. These improvements underscore the importance of integrating physical exercise with cognitive training as an effective strategy for enhancing overall health and quality of life in older adults.
Digital and Interactive Health Interventions Minimize the Physical and Psychological Impact of Breast Cancer, Increasing Women's Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(MDPI, 2022-08-26) Obrero Gaitán, Esteban; Cortés Pérez, Irene; Calet Fernández, Tania; García López, Héctor; López Ruiz, María del Carmen; Osuna Pérez, María Catalina
Digital and interactive health interventions (DIHIs), such as virtual-reality-based therapy (VRBT) and smartphone-app-based therapy (SABT), may be useful for reducing the impact of the signs and symptoms of breast cancer (BC) in women. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the effect of DIHIs on improving pain, anxiety, depression, quality of life (QoL), and upper extremity (UE) disability-related lymphedema in women with BC. Methods: We searched PubMed Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and SciELO for the period ending February 2022. We included studies that assessed the effect of DIHIs on UE motor disability, pain, anxiety, depression, and QoL in women with BC. The effect size was calculated using Cohen's standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Twenty studies providing data from 1613 women with BC were included. With respect to UE disability, DIHIs increased flexion (SMD, 1.92; 95%CI: -1.16, 2.68), abduction (SMD, 1.66; 95%CI: 0.91, 2.42), external rotation shoulder range of motion (SMD, 1.1; 95%CI: 0.36, 1.85), UE function (SMD, -0.72; 95%CI: -1.31, -0.13), and handgrip strength (SMD, 0.4; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.59). DIHIs reduced pain (SMD, -0.8; 95%CI: -1.31, -0.26), anxiety (SMD, -1.02; 95%CI: -1.71, -0.34), and depression (SMD, -1.57; 95%CI: -3.1, -0.08). Finally, DIHIs increased overall health (SMD, 0.6; 95%CI: 0.31, 0.89). Conclusions: Right at the end of therapy, DIHIs are effective at improving UE function, pain, anxiety, depression, and QoL in women with BC. VRBT has a greater effect than SABT for the assessed outcomes.
Recreational physical activity reduces breast cancer recurrence in female survivors of breast cancer: A meta-analysis
(Elsevier, 2022-08) Zagalaz-Anula, Noelia; Mora-Rubio, María José; Obrero-Gaitán, Esteban; Del-Pino-Casado, Rafael
Purpose: The aim of this review was to systematically collect the published evidence to assess the effect of recreational physical activity (PA) in reducing breast cancer (BC) recurrence in female survivors. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed Medline, CINAHL Complete, Scopus and Lilacs until June 2021. We selected observational studies or clinical trials comprising women diagnosed with BC, in which the risk of recurrence of BC was measured before or after performing recreational PA. As a secondary outcome, we analyzed disease free survival for recurrence/disease-specific mortality. The methodological quality of observational studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and clinical trials with the PEDro scale. A random effects model was used to estimate the relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) to infer the results for any female survivor of BC. We performed separate meta-analyses for prediagnosis and postdiagnosis recreational PA. Results: Eleven studies were included, providing data from 29,677 surviving women with BC with an age range of 18-79 years old. Postdiagnosis recreational PA reduced the risk of BC recurrence by 16% (RR, 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78 to 0.91) and the risk of recurrence/disease-specific mortality by 23% (RR, 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.93). Prediagnosis PA reduced the risk of BC by 18% (RR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.91). Conclusion: This systematic review with meta-analysis shows that recreational PA can be an interesting therapeutic tool to protect against recurrence of BC in female survivors.
Intracellular signaling pathways involved in the cell growth inhibition of glioma cells by melatonin.
(American Association for Cancer Research, 2006) Martín-Fernández, Vanesa; Carrera-González, Pilar; Antolín, Isaac; Rodríguez-Sánchez, María Carmen; García-Santos, Guillermo; Rodríguez-Blanco, Jezabel; Herrera-García, Federico
Melatonin is an indolamine mostly produced in the pineal gland, soluble in water, and highly lipophilic, which allows it to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Melatonin possesses antioxidant properties and its long-term administration in rodents has not been found to cause noteworthy side effects. In the present work, we found that millimolar concentrations of this indolamine reduced cell growth of C6 glioma cells by 70% after 72 hours of treatment, inhibiting cell progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. Intraperitoneal administration of 15 mg/kg body weight of melatonin to rats previously injected in the flank with C6 glioma cells reduces tumor growth by 50% 2 weeks after the implant. Inhibition of cell growth does not depend on melatonin membrane receptor activation whereas it seemingly relates to the reduction of intracellular basal free radical levels by 30%. Increase of basal redox state of the cells and constitutive activation of tyrosine kinase receptor [receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)] pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and the Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways, contribute to the progression of the gliomas leading to the constitutive activation of the redox-dependent survival transcription factor nuclear factor KB (NF-KB). The antioxidant effect of melatonin in C6 cells is associated to inhibition of NFKB and Akt, but not of ERK1/2. The antiproliferative effect of the indolamine on these cells is partially abolished when coincubated with the PKC activator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, thus indicating that the ability of melatonin to change cellular redox state may be inactivating the pathway RTK/PKC/Akt/NF-KB.
Protective role of oleuropein and its metabolite hydroxytyrosol on cancer.
(Elsevier, 2013-06) Carrera-González MP, Ramírez-Expósito MJ; Mayas MD, Martínez-Martos JM.
Plasma renin-angiotensin system-regulating aminopeptidase activities are modified in early stage Alzheimer´s disease but are not related to apolipoprotein E genotype
(Elsevier, 2013-06) Puertas MC, Martínez-Martos JM; Cobo MP, Lorite P; Sandalio RM., Palomeque T; Torres MI, Carrera MP; Mayas MD, ,Ramírez-Expósito MJ
Phenolic compounds oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol exert differential effects on glioma development via antioxidant defense systems.
(Elsevier, 2014-11) Martínez-Martos JM, Mayas MD; Carrera P, Arias de Saavedra JM; Sánchez-Agesta R, Arrazola M; Ramírez-Expósito MJ.
Functionalized nanostructures with application in regenerative medicine
(MPDI, 2012) Perán, Macarena; García-Chaves, María Ángel; López-Ruiz, Elena; Bustamante, Milán; Jiménez-González, Gema; Madeddu, Roberto; Marchal, Juan Antonio
In the last decade, both regenerative medicine and nanotechnology have been broadly developed leading important advances in biomedical research as well as in clinical practice. The manipulation on the molecular level and the use of several functionalized nanoscaled materials has application in various fields of regenerative medicine including tissue engineering, cell therapy, diagnosis and drug and gene delivery. The themes covered in this review include nanoparticle systems for tracking transplanted stem cells, self-assembling peptides, nanoparticles for gene delivery into stem cells and biomimetic scaffolds useful for 2D and 3D tissue cell cultures, transplantation and clinical application.
Ultrastructural and molecular analyzes of insulin-producing cells induced from human hepatoma cells
(Elsevier, 2011) Perán, Macarena; Sánchez-Ferrero, Aitor; Tosh, David; Marchal, Juan Antonio; López-Ruiz, Elena; Álvarez-Aránega, Pablo; Boulaiz, Houria; Rodríguez-Serrano, Fernando; Aránega, Antonia
Background aims. Diabetes type I is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing (beta-) cells and resulting in external insulin dependence for life. Islet transplantation represents a potential treatment for diabetes but there is currently a shortage of suitable organs donors. To augment the supply of donors, different strategies are required to provide a potential source of beta-cells. These sources include embryonic and adult stem cells as well as differentiated cell types. The main goal of this study was to induce the transdifferentiation (or conversion of one type cell to another) of human hepatoma cells (HepG2 cells) to insulin-expressing cells based on the exposure of HepG2 cells to an extract of rat insulinoma cells (RIN). Methods. HepG2 cells were fi rst transiently permeabilized with Streptolysin O and then exposed to a cell extract obtained from RIN cells. Following transient exposure to the RIN extract, the HepG2 cells were cultured for 3 weeks. Results. Acquisition of the insulin-producing cell phenotype was determined on the basis of (i) morphologic and (ii) ultrastructural observations, (iii) immunologic detection and (iv) reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Conclusions. This study supports the use of cell extract as a feasible method for achieve transdifferentiation of hepatic cells to insulin-producing cells.
Analysis of the microbiota of refrigerated chopped parsley after treatments with a coating containing enterocin AS-48 or by high-hydrostatic pressure
(Elsevier, 2017-09) Grande Burgos, María José; López Aguayo, María del Carmen; Pérez Pulido, Rubén; Gálvez, Antonio; Lucas, Rosario
El perejil puede estar implicado en enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos , pero el perejil picado se utiliza como ingrediente o guarnición en múltiples platos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos tratamientos diferentes sobre la diversidad bacteriana del perejil: (i) recubrimiento con una solución de pectina-EDTA que contiene la bacteriocina circular enterocina AS-48, y (ii) tratamiento por alta presión hidrostática (HHP) a 600 MPa durante 8 min. El perejil control y tratado se almacenaron en bandejas a 5 °C durante 10 días. Ambos tratamientos redujeron los recuentos viables en 3,7 ciclos logarítmicos y retrasaron el crecimiento de los supervivientes durante el almacenamiento. La diversidad bacteriana del perejil picado se estudió mediante secuenciación de alto rendimiento (Illumina Miseq). La diversidad bacteriana de las muestras de control consiste principalmente en Proteobacteria (96,87%) pertenecientes a los géneros Pseudomonas (69,12%), Rheinheimera (8,56%) y Pantoea (6,91%), entre otros. Durante el almacenamiento, la abundancia relativa de Bacteroidetes (principalmente Flavobacterium y Sphingobacterium ) aumentó al 26,66%. La aplicación del recubrimiento de pectina-bacteriocina-EDTA redujo la abundancia relativa de Proteobacterias (63,75%) y aumentó la de Firmicutes (34,70%). Sin embargo, las abundancias relativas de ciertos grupos como Salmonella , Shigella y Acinetobacter aumentaron en las primeras épocas de almacenamiento. El almacenamiento tardío se caracterizó por un aumento en la abundancia relativa de Proteobacterias , principalmente Pseudomonas . Tras la aplicación del tratamiento HHP, la abundancia relativa de Proteobacteria se redujo (85,88%) mientras que Actinobacteria aumentó (8,01%). Durante el almacenamiento inicial de muestras tratadas con HHP,aumentó la abundancia relativa de Firmicutes . Las bacterias potencialmente patógenas ( Shigella ) sólo aumentaron en abundancia relativa al final del almacenamiento. Los resultados del presente estudio indican que los dos tratamientos tuvieron efectos diferentes sobre la diversidad bacteriana del perejil. El tratamiento HHP proporcionó un producto más seguro, ya que no se detectaron bacterias potencialmente patógenas hasta el final del período de almacenamiento.
Changes in bacterial diversity of refrigerated mango pulp before and after treatment by high hydrostatic pressure
(Elsevier, 2017-05-01) Pérez Pulido, Rubén; Grande Burgos, María José; Gálvez, Antonio; Lucas, Rosario
El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto del tratamiento con alta presión hidrostática (APH) sobre la microbiota de la pulpa de mango. La pulpa de mango se contaminó artificialmente con su propia microbiota epífita para simular el peor de los casos de contaminación durante la preparación de la pulpa. Los controles y las muestras tratadas con HHP (600 MPa, 8 min) se almacenaron en frío durante 30 días. El tratamiento con HHP redujo significativamente (P <0,05) el recuento de células viables. El análisis de pirosecuenciación de la comunidad bacteriana reveló que las abundancias relativas encontradas en las muestras de control iniciales de Actinobacteria (45,63%), Firmicutes (42,55%), Proteobacteria (10,68%) y Bacteroidetes (1,0%) cambiaron durante el almacenamiento, con un fuerte aumento de Proteobacterias. El tratamiento con HHP también indujo un fuerte aumento de Proteobacterias, seguido de una recuperación tardía de Firmicutes y, en menor medida, de Actinobacterias. Lactobacillus fue la principal unidad taxonómica operativa (OTU) detectada tanto en los controles durante el almacenamiento temprano como en las muestras tratadas con HHP durante el almacenamiento tardío. Los resultados del presente estudio indican cómo las poblaciones bacterianas tanto de los controles como de las muestras de pulpa de mango tratadas con HHP sufren cambios complejos durante el almacenamiento en refrigeración. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on the Microbiological Quality and Bacterial Diversity of Sous-Vide-Cooked Cod
(MDPI, 2023-03-13) Pérez-Alcalá, Diego; Grande Burgos, María José; Rodríguez-López, Javier; Lucas-López, Rosario; Gálvez-del-Postigo, Antonio; Pérez-Pulido, Rubén
High hydrostatic pressure (HP) is a promising method to improve the microbiological quality of sous-vide foods. Monitoring the composition and behavior of the microbial communities in foods is of most importance for the production of high-quality and safe products. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) provides advanced approaches to determine food’s microbial community composition and structure. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of different HP treatments on the microbial load and bacterial diversity of sous-vide Atlantic cod. Sous-vide cooking at 57.1 C for 30 min followed by HP treatment at 500 MPa for 8 min reduced viable cell counts (total aerobic mesophiles) in the cod samples below detectable levels for 45 days of storage under refrigeration. In a second trial with cod cooked sous-vide at 52 C for 20 min followed by HP treatments at 300 or 600 MPa (with HP treatment temperatures of 22 C or 50 C for 4 or 8 min, depending on treatment), only the treatments at 600 MPa delayed bacterial growth for at least 30 days under refrigeration. The optimal HP conditions to improve the microbiological quality of sous-vide cod cooked at low temperatures were obtained at 600 MPa for 4 min at a pressurization temperature of 50 C. Bacterial diversity was studied in cod cooked sous-vide at 52 C for 20 min by HTS. In the absence of HP treatment, Proteobacteria was the main bacterial group. A succession of Pseudomonadaceae (Pseudomonas) and Enterobacteriaceae was observed during storage. Firmicutes had low relative abundances and were represented mainly by Anoxybacillus (early storage) and Carnobacterium (late storage). The HP-treated sous-vide cod showed the greatest differences from controls during late storage, with Aerococcus and Enterococcus as predominant groups (depending on the HP conditions). The application of HTS provided new insights on the diversity and dynamics of the bacterial communities of sous-vide cod, revealing the presence of bacterial genera not previously described in this food, such as Anoxybacillus. The significance of Anoxybacillus as a contaminant of seafoods should be further investigated.
Antimicrobial Resistance, Biocide Tolerance, and Bacterial Diversity of a Dressing Made from Coriander and Parsley after Application of Treatments Using High Hydrostatic Pressure Alone or in Combination with Moderate Heat
(MDPI, 2022-08-29) Rodríguez-López, Javier; Grande-Burgos, María José; Pérez-Pulido, Rubén; Iglesias-Valenzuela, Belén; Gálvez-del-Postigo, Antonio; Lucas-López, Rosario
The effects of high-hydrostatic pressure (HP) treatments (450 and 600 megapascals, MPa, for 5 min at temperatures of 22 C and 50 C) on the microbiota of a coriander and parsley dressing was studied via culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Samples were refrigerated for 20 days, with periodic counts of the culture media supplemented with, or without, antimicrobials. HPtreated samples showed significantly lower viable cell counts compared to untreated controls. Only the control samples yielded bacterial growth on media with antimicrobials (imipenem, cefotaxime, benzalkonium chloride), including mostly Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus. Bacillus and Paenibacillus were identified from pressurized samples. Few isolates showed higher tolerance to some of the biocides tested. Pseudomonads showed outstanding resistance to meropenem and ceftazidime. According to high-throughput sequencing analysis, the microbiota of the dressing control samples changes during storage, with a reduction in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and an increase in Firmicutes. The composition of the residual microbiota detected during storage was highly dependent on the pressure applied, and not on the treatment temperature.
Treatment With High-Hydrostatic Pressure, Activated Film Packaging With Thymol Plus Enterocin AS-48, and Its Combination Modify the Bacterial Communities of Refrigerated Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Fillets
(2018-02-28) Ortega-Blázquez, Irene; Grande-Burgos, María José; Pérez-Pulido, Rubén; Gálvez-del-Postigo, Antonio; Lucas-López, Rosario
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of activated plastic films with thymol and enterocin AS-48 and high-hydrostatic pressure (HP) treatment on the bacterial load and bacterial diversity of vacuum-packaged sea bream fillets under refrigerated storage for 10 days. The activated film and the HP treatment reduced aerobic mesophiles viable counts by 1.46 and 2.36 log cycles, respectively, while the combined treatment achieved a reduction of 4.13 log cycles. HP and combined treatments resulted in longer delays in bacterial growth. Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in sea bream fillets. The relative abundance of Firmicutes increased by the end of storage both in controls and in samples treated by HP singly or in combination with the activated films. The predominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found at time 0 in control samples (Listeria, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Chryseobacterium) rapidly changed during storage (with an increase of Vibrio, Photobacterium, and Shewanella together with Cloacibacterium and Lactobacillales by the end of storage). The activated film and the HP treatment induced drastic changes in bacterial diversity right after treatments (with Comamonadaceae, Methylobacterium, Acidovorax, and Sphingomonas as main OTUs) and also induced further modifications during storage. Bacterial diversity in activated film samples was quite homogeneous during storage (with Vibrio, Photobacterium, and Shewanella as main OTUs) and approached control samples. HP treatments (singly or in combination with activated films) determined a high relative abundance of Acinetobacter (followed by Pseudomonas and Shewanella) during early storage as well as a higher relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria by the end of storage. The results indicate that the complex dynamics of bacterial populations in the refrigerated sea bream fillets are markedly influenced by treatment and antimicrobials applied.
Depression as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
(MDPI, 2020-10-28) Cantón Habas, Vanesa; Rich-Ruiz, Manuel; Romero Saldaña, Manuel; Carrera-González, María del Pilar
Stress influences brain enkephalinase, oxytocinase and angiotensinase activities: a new hypothesis.
(Karger, 2009-05-20) Hernández, Joaquín; Segarra, Ana Belén; Ramírez-Sánchez, Manuel; Banegas, Inmaculada; de-Gasparo, Marc; Alba, Francisco; Vives, Francisco; Durán, Raquel; Prieto-Gómez, María Isabel
Brain enkephalin and oxytocin are anxiolytic agents involved in the response mechanism to stress. Degrading enzymes such as enkephalinase and oxytocinase could also be associated with this response. The effect of acute immobilization stress on enkephalinase and oxytocinase activities was determined in the soluble and membrane fractions of the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala using alanyl- and leucyl-beta-naphthylamide as substrates, the latter in the presence and absence of 20 mM L-methionine. No change in aminopeptidase activities was observed in the prefrontal cortex of stressed rats. In contrast, enkephalinase activity decreased in the soluble fraction of the hippocampus but increased in the membrane fraction. In the amygdala, soluble oxytocinase and membrane enkephalinase activities decreased in stressed animals. These results show that acute immobilization stress affects differentially enkephalinase and oxytocinase activities depending on the fraction and brain region analyzed. A reduction in the activity of soluble enkephalinase in the hippocampus and soluble oxytocinase as well as membrane enkephalinase in the amygdala may suggest higher availability/longer action of enkephalin and oxytocin at these locations. This may explain the relative importance of these enzymatic activities in the anxiolytic properties proposed for enkephalins and oxytocin in the hippocampus and amygdala during stress conditions. This interpretation is not applicable to membrane enkephalinase activity in the hippocampus. However, alanyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolyzing activity not only measures enkephalinase activity, it also reflects the angiotensinase-induced metabolism of angiotensin III to angiotensin IV. Therefore, our results may also mirror an increase in the formation of Ang IV in hippocampus and a decrease in the amygdala in acute stress. In conclusion, aminopeptidase activities in the hippocampus and amygdala may affect enkephalin, oxytocin and angiotensin III metabolism during acute immobilization stress and therefore be involved in the anxiolytic response.

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