La maestra de música: imagen estereotipada de una profesión
Fecha
2023
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Editorial Octaedro
Resumen
En la actualidad, la docencia es una profesión altamente feminizada. Esta situación ha sido el resultado de la inserción gradual de creencias y pautas culturales que han ido modificando y alimentando el imaginario colectivo, consecuencia de los cambios sociales, políticos y económicos sucedidos en los últimos siglos. Esto nos ha llevado a estudiar, en el presente capítulo, el papel de la mujer en la educación musical del siglo XIX en España y los estereotipos que sobre ella fueron fijando la sociedad patriarcal y el ideario doméstico del periodo. Al abrigo de la inclinación de la burguesía por la instrucción musical femenina y de la creación de instituciones de formación específica, el siglo XIX abrió las puertas de la docencia musical a las mujeres, convirtiéndose, así, en una de las salidas profesionales mejor consideradas desde el punto de vista de la moralidad de la época. No obstante, estas mujeres se desenvolvieron en contextos plagados de tópicos y clichés que limitaban e influían en su pedagogía. Pese a que muchas de ellas se dedicaron a la enseñanza musical en espacios privados o a través de clases particulares, la legislación educativa decimonónica fue permitiendo y promoviendo, paulatinamente, su inclusión en la escuela pública, sobre todo en los primeros niveles. De esta forma, se dieron pasos decididos hacia la consolidación de la mujer como docente que tuvo lugar en el siglo XX.
Today, teaching is a highly feminised profession. This situation has been the result of the gradual insertion of beliefs and cultural patterns that have been modifying and feeding the collective imaginary, a consequence of the social, political and economic changes that have taken place in recent centuries. This has led us to study, in this chapter, the role of women in nineteenth-century musical education in Spain and the stereotypes that the patriarchal society and domestic ideology of the period established about them. In the 19th century, the bourgeoisie's inclination towards female musical education and the creation of specific training institutions opened the doors for women to teach music, making it one of the most highly regarded professional opportunities from the point of view of the morality of the time. However, these women worked in contexts plagued by clichés that limited and influenced their pedagogy. Although many of them devoted themselves to teaching music in private spaces or through private lessons, nineteenth-century educational legislation gradually allowed and promoted their inclusion in public schools, especially at the first levels. In this way, decisive steps were taken towards the consolidation of women as teachers that took place in the 20th century.
Today, teaching is a highly feminised profession. This situation has been the result of the gradual insertion of beliefs and cultural patterns that have been modifying and feeding the collective imaginary, a consequence of the social, political and economic changes that have taken place in recent centuries. This has led us to study, in this chapter, the role of women in nineteenth-century musical education in Spain and the stereotypes that the patriarchal society and domestic ideology of the period established about them. In the 19th century, the bourgeoisie's inclination towards female musical education and the creation of specific training institutions opened the doors for women to teach music, making it one of the most highly regarded professional opportunities from the point of view of the morality of the time. However, these women worked in contexts plagued by clichés that limited and influenced their pedagogy. Although many of them devoted themselves to teaching music in private spaces or through private lessons, nineteenth-century educational legislation gradually allowed and promoted their inclusion in public schools, especially at the first levels. In this way, decisive steps were taken towards the consolidation of women as teachers that took place in the 20th century.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Mujeres, Enseñanza de la música, Estereotipos de género, Siglo XIX, España, Women, Music education, Gender stereotypes, 19th century, Spain
Citación
Barranco-Vela, N. y Sánchez-López, V. (2023). La maestra de música: imagen estereotipada de una profesión. En L. Luque Rodrigo y Y. Caballero Aceituno (coords.), Ecos artísticos, literarios y educativos en las identidades de género (pp. 75-90). Editorial Octaedro. ISBN 978-84-19690-87-6.