Determinantes sociales de la salud y neurodesarrollo infantil. Efectos del SES sobre el neurodesarrollo infantil en población Ecuatoriana
Fecha
2018-10-11
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Jaén : Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
El estatus socioeconómico (SES) es un factor de riesgo para el neurodesarrollo en la infancia. El objetivo de esta Tesis ha sido evaluar el desarrollo neurocognitivo y socioemocional en niños/as de 7, 9 y 11 años, de una comunidad con índices elevados de pobreza en Guayaquil- Ecuador, con el fin de mostrar modos de intervención adaptados a la realidad social sobre la que se actúa, contribuir a paliar los factores que comprometen la salud de las comunidades y el neurodesarrollo de los niños que viven en ellas y generar propuestas para los ciudadanos e instituciones. Los niños/as de SES bajo mostraron peores medidas antropométricas, peores hábitos alimentarios, mayores alteraciones emocionales (externalizantes, internalizantes y total de problemas) y neuropsicológicas (lenguaje, memoria y función ejecutiva) que los de SES medio. Los resultados indican, la necesidad de invertir en intervenciones preventivas para tratar los efectos negativos de ambientes adversos pre y perinatales.
The socio-economic status (SES) is a risk factor for the neurodevelopment in childhood. The aim of this thesis has been to assess the neurocognitive and socio-emotional development in children of 7, 9, and 11 years of age, within a community with high poverty indicators in Guayaquil (Ecuador). Its purpose is to demonstrate intervention strategies adapted to the social reality being acted upon, to contribute to easing the factors that compromise the health of the communities and the neurodevelopment of the children living in them as well as to generate proposals for citizens and institutions. Children with a low SES showed worse anthropometric measurements, poorer eating habits, greater emotional (externalising, internalising and general problems) and neuropsychological (language, memory and executive function) alterations than those of a medium SES. Results show the need to invest in preventative intervention in order to treat the negative effects of adverse pre and perinatal environments.
The socio-economic status (SES) is a risk factor for the neurodevelopment in childhood. The aim of this thesis has been to assess the neurocognitive and socio-emotional development in children of 7, 9, and 11 years of age, within a community with high poverty indicators in Guayaquil (Ecuador). Its purpose is to demonstrate intervention strategies adapted to the social reality being acted upon, to contribute to easing the factors that compromise the health of the communities and the neurodevelopment of the children living in them as well as to generate proposals for citizens and institutions. Children with a low SES showed worse anthropometric measurements, poorer eating habits, greater emotional (externalising, internalising and general problems) and neuropsychological (language, memory and executive function) alterations than those of a medium SES. Results show the need to invest in preventative intervention in order to treat the negative effects of adverse pre and perinatal environments.
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Palabras clave
Evaluación neuropsicológica, Infancia, Estatus socioeconómico, Neurodesarrollo, Funciones ejecutivas, Childhood, Socio-economic status, Neurodevelopment, Executive functions, Neuropsychological Assessment/Evaluation
Citación
p.[http://hdl.handle.net/10953/]