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Characterization of Wall Paintings of the Harem Court in the Alhambra Monumental Ensemble: Advantages and Limitations of In Situ Analysis

dc.contributor.authorArjonilla, Paz
dc.contributor.authorDomínguez-Vidal, Ana
dc.contributor.authorRubio-Domene, Ramón
dc.contributor.authorCorrea, Elena
dc.contributor.authorde-la-Torre-López, María José
dc.contributor.authorAyora-Cañada, María José
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-23T10:19:19Z
dc.date.available2025-01-23T10:19:19Z
dc.date.issued2022-02-23
dc.description.abstractNon-invasive techniques (X-ray fluorescence, XRF, and Raman spectroscopy) were used for the study of the Hispano Muslim wall paintings. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the semi-quantitative XRF results directly provided by the in-built factory calibrations with minimum user manipulation. The results obtained were satisfactory and highlighted differences and similarities among the measurement points. In this way, it was possible to differentiate the decorations carried out on gypsum plasterwork and the wall paintings over lime plaster. The color palette, revealed by combining the results from XRF and Raman spectroscopies, comprised the pigments hematite, lapis lazuli, cinnabar (in poor conservation state), and possibly, carbon. Evidence of past interventions was also provided by PCA on XRF data, which detected the presence of Pb, Ba, and Zn in some areas. Furthermore, the preparation layers have been studied in detail on crosssections of two microsamples. Several layers of lime plaster with a compact microstructure have been observed. The characteristic of the pictorial layer and the identification of calcium oxalate point to the use of a secco-technique. The main alteration identified was a gypsum surface layer covering the painting and signs of plaster deterioration due to gypsum migration to more internal areas. Finally, the comparison with the observations made by restorers in previous interventions on these paintings revealed the importance of the representativeness gained with the in situ study, which enabled the analysis of a high number of areas.
dc.identifier.citation: Arjonilla, P.; Domínguez-Vidal, A.; Rubio Domene, R.; Correa Gómez, E.; de la Torre-López, M.J.; Ayora-Cañada, M.J. Characterization of Wall Paintings of the Harem Court in the Alhambra Monumental Ensemble: Advantages and Limitations of In Situ Analysis. Molecules 2022, 27, 1490es_ES
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049es_ES
dc.identifier.otherhttps://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051490es_ES
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10953/4311
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherMDPIes_ES
dc.relation.ispartofMolecules 2022, 27, 1490es_ES
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses_ES
dc.subjectWall paintinges_ES
dc.subjectAlhambraes_ES
dc.subjectRaman spectroscopyes_ES
dc.subjectXRF spectroscopyes_ES
dc.subjectPortable instrumentationes_ES
dc.subjectPrincipal component analysises_ES
dc.subjectStratigraphyes_ES
dc.titleCharacterization of Wall Paintings of the Harem Court in the Alhambra Monumental Ensemble: Advantages and Limitations of In Situ Analysises_ES
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees_ES
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiones_ES

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