Modelización de las reacciones de nitrificación en redes de distribución de aguas regeneradas (NITRINET)
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Fecha
2024
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Asociación Española de Riegos y Drenajes
Resumen
El presente trabajo consiste en el desarrollo de un modelo (NITRINET) para simular las
reacciones de nitrificación en la red de distribución de la Comunidad de Regantes (CR) de
Tintín (Montilla, Córdoba), que emplea aguas regeneradas para el riego. La importancia de
este modelo se debe a que la composición química del agua varía espacialmente a lo largo de
la red. Se ha observado que las parcelas más distantes de la impulsión reciben un agua con
mayor concentración de nitrato y menor concentración de amonio, lo que indica que dentro de
la red de distribución tienen lugar reacciones de nitrificación. Para llevar a cabo estrategias de
fertirrigación de precisión y optimizar la cantidad de fertilizante empleado, resulta necesario
conocer la concentración de los nutrientes presentes en el agua de riego que llega a las parcelas.
Los nutrientes que incorporan las aguas regeneradas deben ser tenidos en cuenta a la hora de
planificar la fertilización. Esto permite reducir la cantidad de fertilizante aplicado, lo que
repercute de manera positiva en el medio ambiente y en la economía del agricultor. Las
simulaciones realizadas con NITRINET ofrecen resultados prometedores, prediciendo la
concentración de amonio y nitrato en el agua de riego con un error medio absoluto de 1,39
mg/L y 1,26 mg/L, respectivamente.
The present work consists of the development of a model (NITRINET) to simulate the nitrification processes in the distribution network of the Tintín Irrigation District (TID) (Montilla, Córdoba), where reclaimed water is used for irrigation. The importance of this model is due to the fact that the chemical composition of water varies spatially along the network. It has been observed that nitrate concentrations increase along the irrigation network in contrast to the reduction observed in the ammoniacal forms. It confirms that nitrification processes are occurring. In order to carry out precision fertigation strategies and optimize the amount of fertilizer applied it is necessary to determine the concentration of nutrients present in the water arriving at the farms. The nutrients that reclaimed water carries must be considered when planning fertilization. This allows for a reduction in the amount of fertiliser applied to the soil, which has a positive impact both on the environment and on the farmer’s economy. Simulations performed with NITRINET have shown promising results, predicting the concentration of ammonium and nitrate in irrigation water with a mean absolute error of 1.39 mg/L and 1.26 mg/L, respectively.
The present work consists of the development of a model (NITRINET) to simulate the nitrification processes in the distribution network of the Tintín Irrigation District (TID) (Montilla, Córdoba), where reclaimed water is used for irrigation. The importance of this model is due to the fact that the chemical composition of water varies spatially along the network. It has been observed that nitrate concentrations increase along the irrigation network in contrast to the reduction observed in the ammoniacal forms. It confirms that nitrification processes are occurring. In order to carry out precision fertigation strategies and optimize the amount of fertilizer applied it is necessary to determine the concentration of nutrients present in the water arriving at the farms. The nutrients that reclaimed water carries must be considered when planning fertilization. This allows for a reduction in the amount of fertiliser applied to the soil, which has a positive impact both on the environment and on the farmer’s economy. Simulations performed with NITRINET have shown promising results, predicting the concentration of ammonium and nitrate in irrigation water with a mean absolute error of 1.39 mg/L and 1.26 mg/L, respectively.
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Palabras clave
nitrógeno, modelos, fertirrigación