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Relationship Between Perceived and Received Social Support in Family Caregivers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
(MDPI, 2024-11-12) Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Belén
Antecedentes: El cuidado de las personas dependientes es eminentemente familiar y, en muchas ocasiones, existe un alto nivel de dedicación a dicho cuidado familiar. El cuidado constante y continuado conlleva una serie de consecuencias psicológicas negativas. El apoyo social se ha relacionado con una mejor salud mental en cuidadores familiares. Encontramos resultados heterogéneos en cuanto a la relación entre los tipos de apoyo social recibido y el nivel de apoyo percibido. Además, hasta donde sabemos, ninguna revisión analiza esta relación entre cuidadores familiares. Objetivos : Por tanto, nos proponemos sintetizar sistemáticamente las relaciones entre el apoyo social percibido y recibido en cuidadores informales. Metodología : Hemos realizado una revisión sistemática cuantitativa con metaanálisis, registrada en PROSPERO (id: CRD42023470047); la búsqueda sistemática se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO y Scopus, hasta noviembre de 2023. Tras la selección y revisión de los resultados, se obtuvieron doce estudios, dos de los cuales fueron eliminados por un alto riesgo de sesgo de clasificación. Resultados : En cuanto a los resultados, se encontró una asociación estadísticamente positiva de tamaño medio (r = 0,43). Los resultados fueron consistentes, precisos y robustos. La prueba Trim and Fill mostró una variación del 7%. El análisis de subgrupos no indicó diferencias en el grupo de edad de las personas atendidas (adultos o niños), sesgo de selección y sesgo de confusión. Conclusiones : En conclusiones, el apoyo social percibido se relaciona con un mayor apoyo social recibido por los cuidadores familiares.
Effectiveness of Internet-Based or Mobile App Interventions for Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia: A Systematic Review
(MDPI, 2024-07-27) de-Moraes-Ribeiro, Fabiane Elizabetha; Moreno-Cámara, Sara; da-Silva-Domingues, Henrique; Palomino-Moral, Pedro Ángel; del-Pino-Casado, Rafael
Introduction: Global aging presents socioeconomic and health challenges. Dementia, a growing concern, affects millions of older adults, intensifying the burden on family caregivers. E-health interventions offer hope through technological solutions, although current research is limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of internet-based or mobile app interventions for family caregivers of older adults with dementia. Methodology: A systematic review with a narrative synthesis was conducted using databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, and PsycInfo) and the bibliographies of retrieved articles, with no restrictions on time or language. Results: The search yielded 2092 results, of which 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 2761 family caregivers. Twenty-one different outcomes were evaluated and classified into three main types of interventions: psychoeducational, psychotherapeutic, and multicomponent. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of internet-based and mobile app interventions in supporting family caregivers of older adults with dementia. These interventions positively affect many aspects of caregiver well-being, suggesting their utility in addressing this group’s emotional, social, and self-care needs.
Caregiving Satisfaction, Psychological Distress and Caregiver Burden in Family Caregivers of Dependent Older People: A Longitudinal Study
(Wiley, 2025-01-10) López-Martínez, Catalina
Background and Objectives Although a substantial amount of research has focused on negative aspects of caregiving, less research has been conducted investigating positive aspects of providing informal care. The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal association between caregiving satisfaction and psychological distress in informal carers of dependent older people, and whether this relationship is mediated by caregiver burden. Research Design and Methods Prospective longitudinal study with a probabilistic sample of 332 caregivers of older relatives, with data collected at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. We measured caregiving satisfaction, psychological distress, subjective caregiver burden and several covariates (caregivers' sex, age and objective caregiver burden). Data were analysed using generalised estimation equations with multiple imputation. The STROBE checklist was used to support the writing of this document. Results After controlling for covariates, caregiving satisfaction was significantly negatively associated with lower levels of subjective caregiver burden (B = −0.17, 95% CI: −0.23, −0.11) and emotional distress (B = −0.23, 95% CI: −0.36, −0.11). When subjective burden was included in the model, the relationship between caregiving satisfaction and psychological distress was no longer significant (B = −0.11, 95% CI: −0.23, 0.02), whereas the association between subjective burden and psychological distress remained (B = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.92). The Sobel test confirmed these results (p < 0.001), indicating that subjective caregiver burden mediates the relationship between caregiving satisfaction and psychological distress (complete mediation) over time. Discussion and Implications Caregiving satisfaction exerts a longitudinal protective effect on carers' psychological distress via subjective burden. Our findings indicate that interventions aimed at strengthening caregiving satisfaction may play a significant role in maintaining positive mental health outcomes for informal caregivers.
The association between subjective caregiver burden and depressive symptoms in carers of older relatives: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2019-05-29) Del-Pino-Casado, Rafael; Rodriguez Cardosa, Marta; Lopez-Martinez, Catalina; Orgeta, Vasiliki
BACKGROUND: Family carers are an important source of care for older people. Although several studies have reported that subjective caregiver burden is related to depressive symptoms there are no systematic reviews quantifying this association. OBJECTIVE: To establish the extent to which subjective caregiver burden is associated with depressive symptoms and whether this association would vary by study or care characteristics. METHODS: We searched major databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and ISI Proceedings up to March 2018, and conducted a meta-analysis of included studies. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using a random-effects model to improve generalisation of findings. RESULTS: After screening of 4,688 articles, 55 studies were included providing a total of 56 independent comparisons with a total of 9,847 carers from data across 20 countries. There was a large, positive association between subjective caregiver burden and depressive symptoms ([Formula: see text] = 0.514; 95% CI = 0.486, 0.541), with very low heterogeneity amongst individual studies (I2 = 8.6%). Sensitivity analyses showed no differences between cross-sectional or repeated measures ([Formula: see text] = 0.521; 95% CI = 0.491, 0.550; 51 samples) and longitudinal studies ([Formula: see text] = 0.454; 95% CI = 0.398, 0.508; 6 samples). We found a higher effect size for those caring for people living with dementia compared to those caring for frail older people, and stroke survivors. Carer sex, age and kinship did not change the estimate of the effect. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective caregiver burden is a significant risk factor for depressive symptoms in carers of older people and may precipitate clinical depression. Those caring for people with dementia experience greater burden. There is a need for longitudinal evaluations examining the effects of potential mediators of the association of subjective burden and depressive symptoms. Future interventions should test whether minimizing subjective burden may modify the risk of developing depression in carers of older relatives.
Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (Review)
(Cochrane Library, 2022-04-26) Orgeta, Vasiliki; Leung, Phuong; Del-Pino-Casado, Rafael; Qazi, Afifa; Orrell, Martin; Spector, Aimee E.; Methley, Abigail M.
BACKGROUND: Experiencing anxiety and depression is very common in people living with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). There is uncertainty about the best treatment approach. Drug treatments may be ineffective and associated with adverse effects. Guidelines recommend psychological treatments. In this updated systematic review, we investigated the effectiveness of different psychological treatment approaches. OBJECTIVES: Primary objective To assess the clinical effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing depression and anxiety in people with dementia or MCI. Secondary objectives To determine whether psychological interventions improve individuals' quality of life, cognition, activities of daily living (ADL), and reduce behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, and whether they improve caregiver quality of life or reduce caregiver burden. SEARCH METHODS: We searched ALOIS, the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group's register, MEDLINE, Embase, four other databases, and three trials registers on 18 February 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a psychological intervention for depression or anxiety with treatment as usual (TAU) or another control intervention in people with dementia or MCI. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: A minimum of two authors worked independently to select trials, extract data, and assess studies for risk of bias. We classified the included psychological interventions as cognitive behavioural therapies (cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), behavioural activation (BA), problem-solving therapy (PST)); 'third-wave' therapies (such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)); supportive and counselling therapies; and interpersonal therapies. We compared each class of intervention with control. We expressed treatment effects as standardised mean differences or risk ratios. Where possible, we pooled data using a fixed-effects model. We used GRADE methods to assess the certainty of the evidence behind each result. MAIN RESULTS: We included 29 studies with 2599 participants. They were all published between 1997 and 2020. There were 15 trials of cognitive behavioural therapies (4 CBT, 8 BA, 3 PST), 11 trials of supportive and counselling therapies, three trials of MBCT, and one of interpersonal therapy. The comparison groups received either usual care, attention-control education, or enhanced usual care incorporating an active control condition that was not a specific psychological treatment. There were 24 trials of people with a diagnosis of dementia, and five trials of people with MCI. Most studies were conducted in community settings. We considered none of the studies to be at low risk of bias in all domains. Cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT, BA, PST) Cognitive behavioural therapies are probably slightly better than treatment as usual or active control conditions for reducing depressive symptoms (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.23, 95% CI -0.37 to -0.10; 13 trials, 893 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). They may also increase rates of depression remission at the end of treatment (risk ratio (RR) 1.84, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.88; 2 studies, with one study contributing 2 independent comparisons, 146 participants; low-certainty evidence). We were very uncertain about the effect of cognitive behavioural therapies on anxiety at the end of treatment (SMD -0.03, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.30; 3 trials, 143 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Cognitive behavioural therapies probably improve patient quality of life (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.50; 7 trials, 459 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and activities of daily living at end of treatment compared to treatment as usual or active control (SMD -0.25, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.09; 7 trials, 680 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Supportive and counselling interventions Meta-analysis showed that supportive and counselling interventions may have little or no effect on depressive symptoms in people with dementia compared to usual care at end of treatment (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.07; 9 trials, 994 participants; low-certainty evidence). We were very uncertain about the effects of these treatments on anxiety, which was assessed only in one small pilot study. Other interventions There were very few data and very low-certainty evidence on MBCT and interpersonal therapy, so we were unable to draw any conclusions about the effectiveness of these interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: CBT-based treatments added to usual care probably slightly reduce symptoms of depression for people with dementia and MCI and may increase rates of remission of depression. There may be important effect modifiers (degree of baseline depression, cognitive diagnosis, or content of the intervention). CBT-based treatments probably also have a small positive effect on quality of life and activities of daily living. Supportive and counselling interventions may not improve symptoms of depression in people with dementia. Effects of both types of treatment on anxiety symptoms are very uncertain. We are also uncertain about the effects of other types of psychological treatments, and about persistence of effects over time. To inform clinical guidelines, future studies should assess detailed components of these interventions and their implementation in different patient populations and in different settings.
Subjective caregiver burden and anxiety in informal caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Public Library of Science, 2021-03-01) Del-Pino-Casado, Rafael; Priego-Cubero, Emilia; López-Martínez, Catalina; Orgeta, Vasiliki
There is increasing evidence that subjective caregiver burden is an important determinant of clinically significant anxiety in family carers. This meta-analysis aims to synthesise this evidence and investigate the relationship between subjective caregiver burden and anxiety symptoms in informal caregivers. We searched PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO up to January 2020. Combined estimates were obtained using a random-effects model. After screening of 4,312 articles, 74 studies (with 75 independent samples) were included. There was a large, positive association between subjective caregiver burden and anxiety symptoms (r = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.47, 0.54; I2 = 0.0%). No differences were found in subgroup analyses by type of study design (cross-sectional vs. longitudinal), sampling, control of confounders or care-recipient characteristics. Subjective caregiver burden is an important risk factor for anxiety in informal caregivers. Targeting subjective caregiver burden could be beneficial in preventing clinically significant anxiety for the increasing number of family carers worldwide.
Relationship between perceived obstetric violence and the risk of postpartum depression: An observational study
(ELSEVIER, 2022-05-01) Martínez-Vázquez, Sergio; Hernandez-Martínez, Antonio; Rodriguez-Almagro, Julian; Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel; Martínez-Galiano, Juan Miguel
Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la violencia obstétrica percibida y el riesgo de depresión posparto (DPP). Diseño: Estudio observacional transversal ESCENARIO: Durante el año 2019 en España PARTICIPANTES: 782 mujeres que habían dado a luz en los 12 meses anteriores en España. Mediciones: Se distribuyeron cuestionarios online a las mujeres a través de sus matronas y asociaciones de mujeres. El cuestionario incluía variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, y preguntas sobre la percepción de las madres sobre la violencia obstétrica en forma global y en sus diferentes formas: verbal, física y psicoafectiva. La tasa de respuesta fue del 93,65%. Se estimaron los odds ratios crudos y ajustados (OR y ORa, respectivamente) mediante regresión logística binaria. El riesgo de DPP se estimó mediante la Escala de Depresión Postnatal de Edimburgo (EPDS). Resultados: La puntuación media de la EPDS fue de 8,34 puntos (desviación estándar: 3,80), con un 25,4% (199) en riesgo de DPP (≥ 10 puntos). Los factores de riesgo de DPP incluyeron multiparidad (ORa: 1,62, IC del 95%: 1,10-2,39), ingreso del recién nacido en la UCIN (ORa: 1,93, IC del 95%: 1,06-3,51), experiencia de violencia obstétrica verbal (ORa: 2,02, IC del 95%: 1,35-3,02) y violencia obstétrica psicoafectiva (ORa: 2,65, IC del 95%: 1,79-3,93). La percepción de apoyo durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio resultó ser un factor protector: ORa 0,15 (IC del 95 %: 0,04-0,54) para mujeres que percibieron suficiente apoyo y ORa 0,13 (IC del 95 %: 0,0-0,45) para mujeres que recibieron mucho apoyo CONCLUSIONES CLAVE: Una de cada cuatro mujeres corre riesgo de padecer DPP. Las mujeres multíparas, aquellas cuyo recién nacido requirió ingreso en la UCIN, aquellas que carecieron de apoyo de la pareja y aquellas que experimentaron violencia obstétrica verbal o psicoafectiva tuvieron una prevalencia más alta de riesgo de DPP.
Validation of the Paykel Suicide Scale and the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale in Spanish Women during the Perinatal Period
(WILEY, 2024-07-23) Martínez-Galiano, Juan Miguel; Martínez-Vázquez, Sergio; Peinado-Molina, Rocio Adriana; Hernández-Martínez, Antonio
Introducción . No se dispone de instrumentos específicos para detectar el riesgo de suicidio en mujeres durante el periodo perinatal. El suicidio en mujeres perinatales está poco estudiado a pesar de ser una de las principales causas de mortalidad materna. Su prevalencia ha aumentado un 100% en Estados Unidos en una década. Además, tiene consecuencias para la madre y el recién nacido. Objetivo . Validar la Escala de Suicidio de Paykel y la Escala de Riesgo de Suicidio de Plutchik en mujeres españolas durante el periodo perinatal. Material y Métodos . Estudio transversal con mujeres españolas embarazadas o que habían dado a luz hace menos de 18 meses. Se recogió información sobre variables sociodemográficas, variables obstétricas y del recién nacido. Se utilizó un cuestionario que incluía ambas escalas de suicidio y la Escala de Depresión Postnatal de Edimburgo (EDPS). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), validación convergente y de criterio, así como análisis de consistencia interna. Resultados . En total participaron 237 mujeres. El AFE determinó que en la Escala de Riesgo de Suicidio de Plutchik 4 componentes explicaron el 54.8% de la varianza, mientras que en la Escala de Paykel, un solo componente explicó el 53.0% de la varianza. En la validez convergente, el riesgo de suicidio o ideación suicida se relacionó en la Escala de Riesgo de Suicidio de Plutchik y la Escala de Suicidio de Paykel, respectivamente, con las variables: percepción de bajo apoyo social, riesgo de violencia de pareja, nivel de ansiedad, antecedente de patología mental y haber vivido un evento estresante en el último año, entre otras ( p < 0.05). El área bajo la curva de características operativas del receptor para las puntuaciones de la Escala de Riesgo de Suicidio de Plutchik fue de 0.88 (IC 95%: 0.82–0.93), y para la Escala de Paykel, fue de 0.90 (IC 95%: 0.85–0.95). El valor del alfa de Cronbach ( α ) se situó para la Escala de Riesgo Suicida de Plutchik en 0,806 y para la Escala de Suicidio de Paykel en 0,766. Conclusión . Ambas escalas presentaron características psicométricas adecuadas para ser utilizadas como instrumento de cribado del riesgo suicida en mujeres españolas en el periodo perinatal.
Design and Validation of an Instrument for the Evaluation of the Quality of Mother-Child Bond and Attachment: “Cuestionario V´ ınculo y Apego Materno-Filial” (VAMF Questionnaire)
(WILEY, 2024-08-06) Díaz-Ogallar, María Antonia; Hernandez-Martínez, Antonio; Linares-Abad, Manuel; Martínez-Galiano, Juan Miguel
La relación entre una madre y su recién nacido puede determinarse a través de dos conceptos: “vínculo” y “apego”. Actualmente, no existen instrumentos que evalúen estos fenómenos de forma conjunta. Objetivo. Este estudio pretende desarrollar un instrumento válido y fiable para determinar la calidad del vínculo y apego postnatal en la relación madre-hijo. Métodos. En España, un panel multidisciplinar de expertos participó en la creación de la herramienta “Vínculo y Apego Materno-Infantil (VAMF)”. La herramienta se pilotó en un grupo de mujeres y se aplicó a la población diana de mujeres con hijos de entre 6 semanas y 18 meses para determinar las características psicométricas: se utilizó la consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, un estudio de validez convergente con la escala y validez predictiva con la Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, y un estudio de fiabilidad mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase. Resultados. Participaron 1155 mujeres, con una edad media de 34,5 años. El VAMF mostró una buena consistencia interna para la escala con 29 ítems (alfa = 0,836). En el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) se observó una varianza explicada del 49,71% con 6 componentes. La validez convergente mostró una correlación adecuada, con un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson con la escala MPAS de 0,679. El cuestionario VAMF presentó una excelente capacidad predictiva en la subescala de vínculo, con un área bajo la curva ROC de 0,90 (IC 95%: 0,87-0,93), y una pobre capacidad predictiva en la subescala de apego, con un área bajo la curva ROC de 0,69 (IC 95%: 0,63-0,76) para predecir las puntuaciones de la escala MPAS. En el test-retest, el VAMF presentó un grado de acuerdo absoluto muy bueno y adecuado (CCI: 0,86; IC 95%: 0,72-0,93). Conclusiones. El VAMF es un nuevo instrumento válido y confiable para determinar la calidad del vínculo y apego madre-hijo.
Pelvic floor dysfunction: prevalence and associated factors
(BMC, 2023-10-14) Peinado-Molina, Rocio Adriana; Hernandez-Martínez, Antonio; Martínez-Vazquez, Sergio; Rodriguez-Almagro, Julian; Martínez-Galiano, Juan Miguel
Antecedentes: La disfunción del suelo pélvico en mujeres abarca una amplia gama de trastornos clínicos: incontinencia urinaria, prolapso de órganos pélvicos, incontinencia fecal y síndrome de dolor en la región pélvica-perineal. Una revisión bibliográfica no identificó ningún artículo que abordara la prevalencia de todas las disfunciones del suelo pélvico. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del grupo de trastornos del suelo pélvico y los factores asociados al desarrollo de estos trastornos en las mujeres. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional realizado con mujeres durante 2021 y 2022 en España. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y laborales, antecedentes médicos y estado de salud previos, estilo de vida y hábitos, antecedentes obstétricos y problemas de salud mediante un cuestionario de elaboración propia. Se utilizó el Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) para evaluar la presencia e impacto de trastornos del suelo pélvico. Se calcularon Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, Odds Ratio (OR) y Odds Ratio ajustado (aOR) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. Resultados: Participaron mil cuatrocientas cuarenta y seis mujeres. La incontinencia urinaria se presentó en el 55,8% (807) de las mujeres, la incontinencia fecal en el 10,4% (150), el prolapso uterino sintomático en el 14,0% (203) y el 18,7% (271) refirió dolor en la zona pélvica. Se identificaron como factores que aumentan la probabilidad de incontinencia urinaria: el estado menopáusico. Para la incontinencia fecal: haber tenido partos instrumentales. Factores para prolapso de órganos pélvicos: número de partos vaginales, uno, dos o más. Factores para dolor pélvico: la existencia de macrosomía fetal. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de disfunción del suelo pélvico en mujeres es alta. Diversos factores sociodemográficos como la edad, padecer alguna enfermedad gastrointestinal, haber tenido partos vaginales y partos vaginales instrumentales se asocian a una mayor probabilidad de presentar disfunción del suelo pélvico. El personal de salud debe tomar en cuenta estos factores para prevenir la aparición de estas disfunciones.
Relationship between parity and the problems that appear in the postpartum period
(Nature, 2019-08-13) Martínez-Galiano, Juan Miguel; Hernandez-Martínez, Antonio; Rodriguez-Almagro, Juliano; Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel; Gomez-Salgado, Juan
La paridad se asocia a la incidencia de problemas en el embarazo, parto y puerperio. La influencia de la paridad en el puerperio ha sido poco estudiada y los resultados son incongruentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la asociación entre la paridad y la existencia de distintas molestias y problemas durante el puerperio. Estudio transversal con puérperas en España. Se recogieron datos sobre variables demográficas, obstétricas y manifestaciones maternas de molestias y problemas durante el puerperio. Se utilizó un cuestionario online ad hoc. Se estimaron las odds ratios (OR) crudas y ajustadas (ORa) con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% mediante regresión logística condicional. Participaron en el estudio 1503 primíparas y 1487 multíparas. El 53,4% (803) de las primíparas afirmó tener sentimientos de tristeza, frente al 36,2% (539) de las multíparas (ORa: 1,60; IC 95%: 1,35-1,89). El 48,3% (726) de las primíparas tuvo problemas de lactancia vs. el 24,7% (367) de las multíparas (ORa: 2,46; IC 95%: 2,05-2,94). El 37,2% (559) de las primíparas refirió ansiedad, mientras que el porcentaje en las multíparas fue del 25,7% (382) (ORa: 1,34; IC 95%: 1,12-1,61). El 22,2% (333) de las primíparas presentó síntomas depresivos, y el 11,6% (172) de las multíparas (ORa: 1,65; IC 95%: 1,31-2,06). La incontinencia fecal estuvo más presente en las primíparas que en las multíparas, 6,5% (97) y 3,3% (49) respectivamente (ORa: 1,60; IC 95%: 1,07-2,38). La paridad se asocia a la presencia de ciertos problemas en el puerperio. Así, las primíparas tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar problemas de lactancia, síntomas depresivos, ansiedad, tristeza e incontinencia fecal.
Lifestyles of university students: analyzing the role of social support and family dynamics
(BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, 2024-12-18) da-Silva-Domingues, Henrique; Palomino-Moral, Pedro Ángel; Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Belén; Moreno-Cámara, Sara; Almeida Macedo Loureiro, Helena Maria; del-Pino-Casado, Rafael
Background Youth is a critical stage for developing healthy lifestyles, as the habits and behaviors formed during this period can persist into adulthood. Understanding the relationship between family factors and the lifestyles of university students can contribute to creating strategies to improve this important health determinant. This research aimed to analyze the relationship between social support, family dynamics, and lifestyles in young university students. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods A probability sample of 530 young university students was analyzed. The main measurements included social support, family dynamics, and lifestyles. Descriptive analysis of quantitative and qualitative variables was performed. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for bivariate analysis, and Student’s t-test was used to analyze differences between male and female participants. Additionally, multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. Results For the total sample, a positive and moderate association was found between family dynamics (r = 0.28) and social support (r = 0.32) with the lifestyles of young individuals. Conclusions Our results indicated that social support and family dynamics are possible protective factors that have a positive effect on the lifestyles of university students. The findings of this study highlight the importance of family and familial support in adopting healthy lifestyles among university students.
Attitudes of Spanish Nurses towards Pressure Injury Prevention and Psychometric Characteristics of the Spanish Version of the APuP Instrument
(MPDI, 2020-11-18) López-Franco, María Dolores; Parra-Anguita, Laura; Comino-Sanz, Inés; Pancorbo-Hidalgo, Pedro Luis
The prevention of pressure injuries in hospitalised patients is a critical point of care related to patient safety. Nurses play a key role in pressure injury (PI) prevention, making it important to assess not only their knowledge but also their attitude towards prevention. The main purpose of this study was to translate into Spanish and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Attitude towards Pressure ulcer Prevention instrument (APuP); a secondary aim was to explore the associations of attitude with other factors. A Spanish version was developed through a translation and back-translation procedure. The validation study was conducted on a sample of 438 nursing professionals from four public hospitals in Spain. The analysis includes internal consistency, confirmatory factorial analysis, and construct validity in known groups. The 12-item Spanish version of the APuP fit well in the 5-factor model, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.7. The mean APuP score was 39.98, which means a positive attitude. Registered nurses have a slightly better attitude than Assistant nurses. A moderate correlation (R = 0.32) between knowledge and attitude for the prevention of PI was found. As concluded, the Spanish version of the APuP questionnaire is a valid, reliable and useful tool to measure the attitude toward PI prevention in Spanish-speaking contexts. This version has 12 items grouped into 5 factors, and its psychometric properties are similar to those of the original instrument.
Development and validation of the Pressure Injury Prevention Barriers questionnaire in hospital nurses in Spain
(BMJ, 2020-12-30) López-Franco, María Dolores; Parra-Anguita, Laura; Comino-Sanz, Inés; Pancorbo-Hidalgo, Pedro Luis
Objective: To develop and validate a new questionnaire to measure the nurses’ perceptions of the barriers towards the prevention of pressure injuries (PIs) at hospitals. Design: Validation study with mixed methods. Setting: Four university hospitals in southern Spain. Participants: The questionnaire was developed based on a literature review. A panel of 14 wound care experts rated the content validity. A sample of 438 nurses (registered nurses and assistant nurses) participated in the survey. Main outcome measures: The psychometric properties of the Pressure Injury Prevention Barriers (PIPB) questionnaire evaluated were: content validity, internal consistency reliability and construct validity. Results: The final version of the questionnaire has 25 items grouped into four factors (management and organisation, motivation and priority, knowledge, and staff and collaboration). The confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit and error indices for the model (Comparative Fit Index=0.92, root mean square error of approximation=0.074). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.90 (overall), and 0.89 (factor 1), 0.75 (factor 2), 0.72 (factor 3) and 0.45 (factor 4). Construct validity was good, demonstrated by the expected association with the scores on patient safety culture and on considering PIs as an adverse effect of hospital stay, but not with attitude score. Conclusion: The PIPB questionnaire is an instrument useful for measuring nurses’ perceptions of the barriers to PIs prevention. The initial evidence shows that the questionnaire has good content validity, internal consistency and adequate construct validity. Relevance and comprehensiveness need to be assessed in further studies. It can be used both in research and in the evaluation of clinical settings to implementation of PIs preventive programmes in hospitals.
Undergraduate nursing students' knowledge of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias care
(ELSEVIER, 2022-03) Parra-Anguita, Laura; López-Franco, María Dolores; Del Pino-Casado, Rafael; García-Fernández, Francisco Pedro; Pancorbo-Hidalgo, Pedro Luis
Background: The increase in the number of people with Alzheimer's disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) will results in an increased need for nurses with up-to-date knowledge of ADRD and who are well-educated in ADRD care. Therefore, it is important to be sure that this topic is covered in the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Purpose: To assess undergraduate nursing students' knowledge of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias care. Method: Cross-sectional study carried out among nursing students at two universities in southern Spain. The University of Jaen (UJA)-Alzheimer's Care scale was used to measure their knowledge. Results: The mean age of the students was 21.39 years, and 83.2% of the 678 students were women. For students, the UJA Alzheimer's Care scale has a good fit and reliability of 0.99 for the items and 0.74 for the persons, according to the Rasch model. The mean knowledge score of nursing students was 15.33 (SD 3.69) out of 23; (95%CI: 15.06–15.61). The value of the latent variable (theta) was 1.16 (SD 1.21); (95%CI: 1.06–1.25). The factors positively associated with students' knowledge were the number of years in the program, experience in caring for a patient with ADRD during their placements, and the education on ADRD received in the nursing program as self-rated by the students. Conclusion: The UJA-Alzheimer's Care scale is a useful tool for measuring knowledge of ADRD care among nursing students in Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries. Nursing students at the two universities reached moderate scores in the knowledge of ADRD care. More years in the nursing program, practical experience in clinical placements, and higher self-rated level of education on ADRD received during the program were associated with higher scores on knowledge.
The Role of Antioxidants on Wound Healing: A Review of the Current Evidence
(MPDI, 2021-08-13) Comino-Sanz, Inés María; López-Franco, María Dolores; Castro, Begoña; Pancorbo-Hidalgo, Pedro Luis
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Pressure Injury Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire in Spanish Nurses
(MPDI, 2020-04) López-Franco, María Dolores; Parra-Anguita, Laura; Comino-Sanz, Inés; Pancorbo-Hidalgo, Pedro Luis
Pressure injuries (PIs) are a major health problem with severe implications for patients. Professionals who care for people at risk should have high knowledge about PIs prevention. The actual knowledge can be measured using different tools, but we have found no questionnaire to measure the knowledge on PIs prevention developed and validated for Spanish-speaking countries. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire in Spanish to measure the knowledge about PIs prevention based on current international guidelines. Content validity was evaluated by 12 experts in wound care. A convenience sample of 438 nursing professionals from Spain participated to evaluate the questionnaire using item analysis, Rasch model, and known-groups validity. The PI Prevention Knowledge (PIPK) questionnaire shows good discrimination and difficulty indices. The 31-item PIPK shows good fit and reliability of 0.98 for items and 0.72 for people; also, it has enough evidence for construct validity. Because the questionnaire has been developed based on the recommendations from international guidelines, the English version of this questionnaire could be used in further studies to test its psychometric properties.
Effects of climate change in the elderly’s health: a scoping review protocol.
(BMJ, 2022) Montoro-Ramírez, Eva M; Parra-Anguita, Laura; Álvarez-Nieto, Carmen; Parra, Gema; López-Medina, Isabel Mª.
Introduction Climate change is a global problem that affects human health, especially the most vulnerable groups, including the elderly. However, no scope review includes the perspective of institutions specialised in climate change and health and whose reports are the basis for policies orientated on the environmental health. Therefore, this study aims to identify these effects on older people health. The results will allow health professionals to have valuable information enabling them to provide quality care in meeting the demand that this situation is producing. Methods and analysis A scoping review of the relevant literature will be performed from 2008 to 2021. The Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA- Scoping Review Extension checklist will be used. A peer- reviewed search will be conducted using the electronic databases Medline, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, PsycINFO and Cuiden Plus between October and December 2021. Original quantitative studies and reports from official agencies on the effects of climate change on the elderly health in any health and geographical context will be included. Literature selection will be made by two reviewers. The table format used for data extraction will be reviewed by the review team and tested by two reviewers. Ethics and dissemination This study does not require approval by an ethics committee to be conducted. This article will result in the mapping of the direct and indirect effects of climate change on the health of the elderly. The results will be published in scientific journals to be accessible to health professionals in the creation of care plans for the elderly at climate risk.
Efectividad de las intervenciones educativas para la prevención del embarazo en la adolescencia.
(Elsevier, 2019-09) Sanz-Martos, Sebastián; López-Medina, Isabel María; Álvarez-García, Cristina; Álvarez-Nieto, Carmen
Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones educativas dirigidas a prevenir el embarazo en la adolescencia. Dise˜no: Revisión sistemática. Fuentes de datos: Se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cuiden Plus, LILACS e IME para buscar estudios sobre intervenciones educativas para la prevención del embarazo en la adolescencia. Selección de estudios: Se seleccionaron un total de 24 investigaciones primarias, donde se evaluaba el efecto de un programa educativo para la prevención del embarazo en la adolescencia. La calidad de los estudios seleccionados se evaluó usando la escala CASPe. Resultados: Los programas educativos que midieron una modificación de la tasa de embarazo en la adolescencia muestran resultados poco concluyentes, ya que 2 investigaciones obtienen una reducción y otros 2 no hallan cambios significativos. Sin embargo, los programas educativos se muestran efectivos para aumentar el nivel de conocimiento sobre sexualidad y métodos anticonceptivos, y para modificar las actitudes sobre el riesgo de embarazo en la adolescencia o las actitudes hacia el uso de los métodos anticonceptivos. No se encuentran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los estudios que muestran un resultado positivo y los estudios con resultado negativo (p > 0,05) para ninguno de los resultados analizados en la revisión. Conclusión: No existe una modalidad de intervención que sea la más efectiva para la prevención de un embarazo en la adolescencia. Se necesita un mayor número de investigaciones con un abordaje longitudinal que valoren no solo resultados intermedios, sino una modificación en la tasa de embarazo.
AMEE Consensus Statement: Planetary health and education for sustainable healthcare
(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Shaw, Emily; Walpole, Sarah; McLean, Michelle; Álvarez-Nieto, Carmen; Barna, Stefi; Bazin, Kate; Behrens, Georgia; Chase, Hannah; Duane, Brett; El Omrani, Omnia; Elf, Marie; Faerron Guzmán, Carlos A; Falceto de Barros, Enrique; Gibbs, Trevor J; Groome, Jonny; Hackett, Finola; Harden, Jeni; Hothersallr, Eleanor J.; Houriane, Maca; Huss, Norma May; Ikiugu, Moses; Joury, Easter; Leedham-Green, Kathleen; MacKenzie-Shalders, Kristen; Madden, Diana Lynne; McKimm, Judy; Schwerdtle, Patricia Nayna; Parkes, Margot W; Peters, Sarah; Redvers, Nicole; Sheffield, Perry; Singleton, Judith; Tun, SanYouMay; Woollard, Robert
The purpose of this Consensus Statement is to provide a global, collaborative, representative and inclusive vision for educating an interprofessional healthcare workforce that can deliver sustainable healthcare and promote planetary health. It is intended to inform national and global accreditation standards, planning and action at the institutional level as well as highlight the role of individuals in transforming health professions education. Many countries have agreed to ‘rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes’ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 45% within 10 years and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, including in healthcare. Currently, however, health professions graduates are not prepared for their roles in achieving these changes. Thus, to reduce emissions and meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), health professions education must equip undergraduates, and those already qualified, with the knowledge, skills, values, competence and confidence they need to sustainably promote the health, human rights and well-being of current and future generations, while protecting the health of the planet. The current imperative for action on environmental issues such as climate change requires health professionals to mobilize politically as they have before, becoming strong advocates for major environmental, social and economic change. A truly ethical relationship with people and the planet that we inhabit so precariously, and to guarantee a future for the generations which follow, demands nothing less of all health professionals. This Consensus Statement outlines the changes required in health professions education, approaches to achieve these changes and a timeline for action linked to the internationally agreed SDGs. It represents the collective vision of health professionals, educators and students from various health professions, geographic locations and cultures. ‘Consensus’ implies broad agreement amongst all individuals engaged in discussion on a specific issue, which in this instance, is agreement by all signatories of this Statement developed under the auspices of the Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE). To ensure a shared understanding and to accurately convey information, we outline key terms in a glossary which accompanies this Consensus Statement (Supplementary Appendix 1). We acknowledge, however, that terms evolve and that different terms resonate variably depending on factors such as setting and audience. We define education for sustainable healthcare as the process of equipping current and future health professionals with the knowledge, values, confidence and capacity to provide environmentally sustainable services through health professions education. We define a health professional as a person who has gained a professional qualification for work in the health system, whether in healthcare delivery, public health or a management or supporting role and education as ‘the system comprising structures, curricula, faculty and activities contributing to a learning process’. This Statement is relevant to the full continuum of training – from undergraduate to postgraduate and continuing professional development.

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