Departamento de Filología Inglesa
URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://hdl.handle.net/10953/32
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Ítem Bleak Bodies: Genetically Engineered Women in Louise O'Neill's (Anti-)Utopian Patriarchal Satire Only Ever Yours(Peter Lang, 2021) Machado Jiménez, AlmudenaIn the latest years, Louise O’Neill (1985-) has drawn in the reading community with her novels, which depict the stark reality of rape culture in our contemporary society. Particularly, her debut masterpiece Only Ever Yours (2014) makes use of a feminist dystopian scenario to explore the origins of female brainwashing and subjugation that stigmatize women’s nature. The community of O’Neill’s novel brilliantly pushes to the limit the nightmarish day-to-day of young girls and their pressure to become compliant patriarchal women, by immersing them since their creation in an educational centre until they reach seventeen. For this, the author presents a two-fold method of feminine conditioning: pre-natus, with the aid of genetic engineering and artificial birth, and post-natus, since girls undergo isolation and strict indoctrination of the patriarchal standards in female educational centres. After this period of internment, their destinies are fixed for the rest of their lives, either as companions or as concubines, but always silenced and ready to give pleasure to men. This community of eves ironically reflects the phenomenon of ‘sorority without solidarity’, persistent in the creation of patriarchal utopias and that turns as an obstacle for the understanding of what feminism should be. Only Ever Yours necessarily disturbs the mind of the reader and denounces the need to understand feminism not as a homogeneous bloc, but as unity in diversity and mutual understanding, in order to fight back against patriarchy from within.Ítem On Utopus' uterus: The colonisation of the body and the birth of patriarchal utopia in Thomas More's Utopia(2021) Machado Jiménez, AlmudenaFollowing European exploration of the Atlantic, origin myths could now be projected onto a possible future and ‘undiscovered’ lands. Often the island proved the most suitable design for these projections to ensure the ‘perfection’ of the community and avoidance of corruptive external influences. These novel conceptualisations envisaged new social constructs to explain human nature, however, they continued to be overtly patriarchal. Gender essentialism and colonisation of the female body was an integral part of reproducing traditional utopian imaginings. Thomas More’s Utopia exemplifies this archetypal gendered conceptualisation of the ideal island society where female education serves to reinforce patriarchal structures and women are essentialised in terms of their fertility. This paper addresses the relationship between the geography of Utopia and the insularity and confinement of women as dominated ‘matrixial entities’ which is further reinforced by utopian cartography. In this context, I assert that the process of colonisation and islanding unsettles the immutability of these patriarchal constructs and exposes the dystopian origins of Utopia.Ítem Patriarcavirus, feminist dystopias and COVID-19: reflections on the phenomenon of gender pandemics.(2021) Machado Jiménez, AlmudenaThis essay examines contemporary feminist dystopias to study the phenomenon of gender pandemics. Gender pandemic narrative allegorises possible aftermaths of patriarcavirus, unleashing many natural disasters that force global biopolitics to hinder gender equality. The main objective of this essay is to explain how gender pandemics are appropriated in patriarchal utopian discourses as a pretext to control female empowerment, diagnosing women as diseased organisms that risk the state’s well-being. Moreover, the novels explore the interdependence between biology and sociality, portraying the acute vulnerability of female bodies during and after the pandemic conflicts, inasmuch as patriarchal power arranges a hierarchical value system of living that reinforces gender discrimination. Particularly, the COVID-19 emergency is analysed as a gender pandemic: the exacerbated machismo and the growing distress in the female population prove that women are afflicted with a suffocating patriarcavirus, which has critically gagged them in the first year of the pandemic.Ítem Sorority without Solidarity: Control in the Patriarchal Utopia of Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tal(2018) Machado Jiménez, AlmudenaDespite all variables, the subjugation of the female figure has always been the constant in the conceptualisation of patriarchal utopias. To ensure that subjugation women must undergo a process of reformation and surrender into normative sororities that are at the mercy of the state. It is argued here that such patriarchal utopias involve the elimination of solidarity with and between members of the sororal collective. This ensures the isolation of women and, consequently, eliminates the emancipation of womanhood from patriarchal idealisations. Sororities without solidarity are subjected to a comparative analysis of various classical utopian/dystopian texts and Atwood’s feminist dystopia The Handmaid’s Tale in order to foreground the problem concerning the construction of normative female beings. Moreover, the figure of (e)merging women in contemporary feminist utopian/dystopian discourses paves the way for female empowerment within patriarchal society by combining sorority and solidarity.