Departamento de Psicología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://hdl.handle.net/10953/48

En esta Comunidad se recogen los documentos generados por el Departamento de Psicología y que cumplen los requisitos de Copyright para su difusión en acceso abierto.

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Exploring the relevance of expressed emotion to the treatment of social anxiety disorder in adolescence
(Elsevier, 2009) Garcia Lopez, Luis Joaquín; Muela Martínez, Jose Antonio; Espinosa Fernández, Lourdes; Diaz Castela, Mª del Mar
El papel que la participación de los padres puede desempeñar en el resultado del tratamiento de sus hijos con trastornos de ansiedad aún son objeto de debate. Algunos estudios han mostrado que la Emoción Expresada (EE) parental juega un papel importante en el curso de un trastorno de ansiedad. Especificamente puede influir en el resultado del tratamiento y en la recaída. Dado que algunos de estos aspectos han sido asociados con la ansiedad social durante mucho tiempo, se planteó la hipótesis de que la EE puede estar asociada con un menor resultado del tratamiento. La muestra estuvo compuesto por 16 adolescentes que se beneficiaron de un programa cognitivo-conductual dirigida a superar la ansiedad social. Luego, los padres fueron clasificados con EE alta o baja. Los resultados revelaron que los adolescentes cuyos padres tenían baja EE mostraron una reducción estadísticamente significativa de sus puntuaciones de ansiedad social en la prueba posterior, a diferencia de los adolescentes de padres con alta emoción expresada. Estos hallazgos sugieren que se debe tener en cuenta la EE de los padres (principalmente de padres con alta EE) para prevenir malos resultados del tratamiento en adolescentes.
Psychometric Properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders for Socially Anxious and Healthy Spanish Adolescents
(Cambridge University Press, 2013) Hale III, William; Raaijmakers, Quinten; Garcia Lopez, Luis Joaquin; Espinosa Fernández, Lourdes; Muela Martínez, Jose Antonio; Diaz Castela, Mª del Mar
Este trabajo se realizo con dos muestra, una de ellas con adolescentes socialmente ansiosos y otra con adolescentes comunitarios. El objetivo era probar las propiedades psicométricas del Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Se emplearon análisis factoriales confirmatorios para probar la invarianza de medición entre estas dos poblaciones, se calcularon los alfa de Cronbach para determinar la confiabilidad de las escalas y las pruebas eta-cuadrado parciales calcularon el tamaño del efecto de las diferencias entre los adolescentes socialmente ansiosos y sanos y entre los adolescentes según el sexo. Las propiedades psicométricas del SCARED fueron buenas, como lo demuestra tener confiabilidades aceptables (que van desde 0,75 a 0,41) y un tamaño del efecto multivariado moderado (ηp2 = 0,08) entre los niños y niñas adolescentes. Lo más importante es que se demostró que el SCARED podía diferenciar entre adolescentes españoles socialmente ansiosos y sanos, como lo demuestra la invarianza de medición (χ2 = 254,27, df = 1343, GFI = 0,884, AGFI = 0,872, RMR = 0,031) y la gran tamaño del efecto (ηp2 = .22) entre las muestras.
Emociones positivas laborales
(EDICIONES PIRÁMIDE, 2013) Garrosa, Eva; Carmona-Cobo, Isabel; Blanco-Donoso, Luis Manuel
Selective intentional forgetting in adolescents with social anxiety disorder
(Elsevier, 2013) Gomez Ariza, Carlos; Iglesias Parro, Sergio; Garcia Lopez, Luis Joaquin; Diaz Castela, Mª del Mar; Espinosa Fernandez, Lourdes; Muela Martinez, José Antonio
La ansiedad en adultos jóvenes se ha relacionado recientemente con capacidades reducidas para inhibir el procesamiento de distractores de la percepción afectiva. Sin embargo, ninguna investigación anterior ha abordado la relación entre Trastorno de ansiedad social (TAS) y la capacidad de inhibir intencionalmente recuerdos que ya no son relevantes. Este estudio experimental con adolescentes diagnosticados con TAS y controles no clínicos emparejados, se llevó a cabo un procedimiento de olvido dirigido, se utilizó para evaluar el grado en que los individuos ansiosos mostraban menores deterioro de la memoria para información que debe ser olvidada que sus contrapartes no ansiosas. Los datos revelaron que, si bien el grupo de muestra no clínico demostró la capacidad de olvidar selectivamente cuando eran instruidos, los adolescentes ansiosos demostraron buena memoria para el material que iba a ser olvidado y por lo tanto, no se pudo olvidar. Curiosamente, una sintomatología más grave del TAS predijo inversamente en un grado del olvido. Concluimos que la principal diferencia entre personas socialmente ansiosas y no ansiosas está específicamente relacionado con la capacidad de olvidar intencionalmente y podría reflejar habilidades cognitivas, lo cual está asociado con la vulnerabilidad a la ansiedad. El deterioro de la capacidad de tomar los recuerdos no deseados, menos recuperables, podrían impulsar a algunas personas a iniciar o mantener la ansiedad. Futuros tratamientos psicológicos podrían beneficiarse de incluir módulos sobre control de capacitación de la memoria.
The relationships between family-work interaction, job-related exhaustion, detachment, and meaning in lifea day-level study of emotional well-being
(Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid, 2013) Garrosa, Eva; Carmona-Cobo, Isabel; Ladstätter, Félix; Blanco-Donoso, Luis Manuel; Cooper-Thomas, Helena D.
The aim of this research was to provide an integrative overview of the associations between employees' daily emotional well-being (positive and negative affect) and family-work interaction, job-related exhaustion, detachment, and meaning in life. Service sector employees in Spain (N = 105) filled out a general measure and daily survey measures over five working days. Results showed that daily family-work conflict, job-related exhaustion and search for meaning in life predicted employees' negative affect at night; conversely, daily detachment and presence of meaning in life had a negative relation with negative affect at night. In contrast, employees' family-work facilitation, detachment, and presence of meaning in life predicted positive affect at night. Moreover, detachment moderated the relationship between family-work conflict and negative affect, and between the presence of meaning in life and positive affect. These findings have practical implications for individuals and organizations and suggest possible avenues for future research.
The measurement of Perceived Emotional Intelligence for Spanish Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms
(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia. Murcia (España), 2013-05) Diaz Castela, Mª del Mar; Hale III, William; Muela Martinez, Jose Antonio; Espinosa Fernández, Lourdes; Klimstra, Theo; Garcia Lopez, Luis Joaquin
La Inteligencia Emocional (IE) es un concepto que ha sido discutido durante décadas en Psicología pero no ha recibido apoyo empírico hasta hace pocos años, a pesar de ello parece que en las últimas décadas este concepto está suscitando mucho interés entre las diversas áreas de la Psicología. Con este creciente interés, el concepto de percepción de la Inteligencia Emocional está recibiendo mayor atención. Debido a interés mostrado en este concepto, este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar dos aspectos importantes del mismo: la medida de la percepción de la IE y las implicaciones que la percepción de la IE puede tener en adolescentes con un trastorno de Ansiedad Social (TAS). Este estudio explora un cuestionario muy utilizado, llamado Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS). La versión española reducida de dicho cuestionario (TMMS-24) y una serie de cuestionarios muy utilizados para evaluar el TAS fueron administrados a 425 adolescentes españoles. Los resultados del estudio corroboraron que el TMMS-24 posee buenas propiedades psicométricas en adolescentes y que el componente de regulación emocional parece que está involucrado en la ansiedad social.
Associations of Immigrants in the Third Sector 3 in Andalucía: Governance and Networking Issues
(Springer, 2013-06) Espadas, María Ángeles; Aboussi, Mourad; Raya Lozano, Enrique
Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de un proyecto de investigación sobre la gobernanza interna y externa de las asociaciones de inmigrantes en Andalucía (España). Se divide en tres partes descriptivas e interpretativas. La primera enumera y analiza los motivos socioculturales subyacentes tras las iniciativas para la formación de asociaciones de inmigrantes, incluidas las iniciativas relacionadas con el contexto transnacional, las iniciativas que surgen como consecuencia de un sentido de la solidaridad y el altruismo y las iniciativas que surgen de la necesidad de coexistir e integrarse en la sociedad anfitriona. La segunda parte del artículo se centra en los tipos de actividades que dichas asociaciones organizan, sus recursos y sus prácticas de gestión estratégicas. La tercera parte considera las formas en las que las asociaciones están conectadas con el Tercer Sector en Andalucía, con referencia particular a dos dimensiones de la cuestión, las relaciones entre asociaciones y la participación de la comunidad. Los hallazgos arrojan alguna luz sobre la responsabilidad, el apoyo institucional y las necesidades del trabajo en red de las asociaciones de inmigrantes. También se presentan una serie de sugerencias relativas a puntos generalmente vinculados al concepto de gobernanza asociativa, tales como buenas prácticas de gestión y el concepto de gobernanza participativa como mecanismos para incluir a la sociedad civil en el diseño de políticas y programas.This article presents the findings of a research project on the internal and external governance of associations of immigrants in Andalucía, Spain. It is divided into three descriptive, interpretative parts. The first lists and analyzes the sociocultural motives behind initiatives for the formation of associations of immigrants, including initiatives related with the transnational context, initiatives stemming from a sense of solidarity and altruism, and initiatives arising from the need to coexist with and become integrated into the host society. The second part of the article focuses on the types of activities such associations organize, their resources and their strategic management practices. The third part looks at the ways in which associations are connected with the third sector in Andalucía, with particular reference to two dimensions of the issue, inter-association relationships and community participation. The findings throw some light on the accountability, institutional support, and networking needs of associations of immigrants. A series of suggestions is also presented concerning points generally linked with the concept of associative governance, such as good management practices and the concept of participatory governance as mechanisms for including civil society in policy and program design.
Democracia, participación ciudadana y funciones del trabajo social
(Universidad de Granada, 2014-06-25) Alberich, Tomás; Espadas, María Angeles
El artículo comienza con unas reflexiones en torno a la situación actual de la democracia y la participación, marcada por la crisis sistémica en la que vivimos. En la segunda parte se estudian las relaciones que se dan entre la profesión y formación universitaria en Trabajo Social y de estas con los programas de participación ciudadana ejecutados desde los Servicios Sociales. En la práctica profesional del Trabajo Social en entes locales se han ido reduciendo los proyectos de desarrollo comunitario y de fomento de la participación, aunque, de forma esperanzadora, en el nuevo título de Grado en Trabajo Social se vuelven a incluir estos temas entre las competencias que deben tener los futuros graduados. En un tercer bloque se trata de definir y diferenciar mejor los conceptos que se suelen utilizar cuando se tratan estos temas: democracia representativa/participativa yparticipación social/ciudadana, finalizando con la descripción y análisis de los diferentes niveles y formas de participación que se re-producen en las sociedades democráticas. AbstractThe article begins with some reflections on the current situation of democracy and participation, marked by the systemic crisis in which we live. In the second part we deal with the relationships that exist between the profession and university training in social work, and between those and citizen participation programsrun from social services. Professional social work practice in local services has reduced community development projects and participative projects, though, hopefully, the new Degree in Social Work reinstates these issues between the skills required future graduates. In a third section we try to define and differentiate the concepts that are often used when these topics: representative/participatory democracy and social/civic participation, ending with the description and analysis of the different levels and forms of participation that are re-producedin democratic societies.
Can parent training for parents with high levels of expressed emotion have a positive effect on their child’s social anxiety improvement?
(Elsevier, 2014-09-19) Garcia Lopez, Luis Joaquín; Diaz Castela, Mª del Mar; Muela Martinez, Jose Antonio; Espinosa Fernández, Lourdes
Existe gran debate sobre el papel que puede desempeñar la participación de los padres en la mejora de la ansiedad social de sus hijos/as. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo investigar si entrenar a los padres con emociones expresadas (EE) altas podría mejorar los resultados de la intervención de ansiedad social en adolescentes. Cincuenta y dos adolescentes con ansiedad social (de 13 a 18 años), cuyos padres mostraban altos niveles de emoción expresada, fueron asignados a (a) una intervención escolar con un componente adicional de capacitación para padres, o (b) una intervención escolar sin un componente adicional de capacitación para padres, es decir, un programa basado únicamente en intervenir con el adolescente (sin participación de los padres). Los hallazgos posteriores al tratamiento y de seguimiento a los 12 meses mostraron que la intervención escolar con capacitación para padres fue superior al programa específico para adolescentes, produciendo reducciones significativas en la remisión del diagnóstico y la sintomatología social y depresiva, particularmente cuando cambió el estado de EE de los padres, de alta EE a baja EE. En general, los hallazgos sugieren que los padres con alta EE de niños con ansiedad social deben participar en la terapia de sus hijos e hijas.
Meet OLAF, a good friend of the IAPS! The Open Library of Affective Foods: a tool to investigate the emotional impact of food in adolescents
(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2014-12) Miccoli, Laura; Delgado, Rafael; Rodríguez-Ruiz, Sonia; Guerra, Pedro; García-Mármol, Eduardo; Fernández-Santaella, M. Carmen
In the last decades, food pictures have been repeatedly employed to investigate the emotional impact of food on healthy participants as well as individuals who suffer from eating disorders and obesity. However, despite their widespread use, food pictures are typically selected according to each researcher’s personal criteria, which make it difficult to reliably select food images and to compare results across different studies and laboratories. Therefore, to study affective reactions to food, it becomes pivotal to identify the emotional impact of specific food images based on wider samples of individuals. In the present paper we introduce the Open Library of Affective Foods (OLAF), which is a set of original food pictures created to reliably select food pictures based on the emotions they prompt, as indicated by affective ratings of valence, arousal, and dominance and by an additional food craving scale. OLAF images were designed to allow simultaneous use with affective images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), which is a well-known instrument to investigate emotional reactions in the laboratory. The ultimate goal of the OLAF is to contribute to understanding how food is emotionally processed in healthy individuals and in patients who suffer from eating and weight-related disorders. The present normative data, which was based on a large sample of an adolescent population, indicate that when viewing affective non-food IAPS images, valence, arousal, and dominance ratings were in line with expected patterns based on previous emotion research. Moreover, when viewing food pictures, affective and food craving ratings were consistent with research on food cue processing. As a whole, the data supported the methodological and theoretical reliability of the OLAF ratings, therefore providing researchers with a standardized tool to reliably investigate the emotional and motivational significance of food. The OLAF database is publicly available at zenodo.org
Positive benefits of caring on nurses' motivation and well-being: A diary study about the role of emotional regulation abilities at work
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Blanco-Donoso, Luis Manuel; Demerouti, Evangelia; Garrosa, Eva; Moreno-Jiménez, Bernardo; Carmona-Cobo, Isabel
Background: Recent research reveals that not all job demands have negative effects on workers’ well-being and suggests that the negative or positive effects of specific job demands depend on the occupational sector. Specifically, emotional job demands form the heart of the work for nurses and for this reason they can be interpreted by nurses as a challenge that promotes motivation and well-being among these professionals, especially if personal and job resources become available. Objectives: The study had two objectives. First, to examine whether daily emotional demands within a nursing work context have a positive effect on nurses’ daily motivation at work (vigour) and well-being at home (vitality and positive affect). Second, to explore whether this positive effect could be enhanced by nurses’ emotional regulation abilities. Design: This research used a diary design to explore daily experiences and to analyse how variations in specific job or personal characteristics can affect levels of motivation and wellbeing across days. Participants: Fifty-three nurses working in different Spanish hospitals and primary health care centres completed a general questionnaire and a diary booklet over 5 consecutive working days in two different moments, after work and at night (N= 53 participants and N = 265 observations). Results: In line with our hypotheses, multi-level analyses revealed that, on the one hand, daylevel emotional demands at work had a positive effect on vigour at work and on vitality at home. On the other hand, analyses showed that nurses with higher emotional regulation abilities have more motivation at work and well-being at home when they have to face high emotional demands at work, showing a spillover effect after work. Conclusions: These findings support the idea that emotional demands from the nursing profession can act as challenges which promote motivation and well-being, especially if internal emotional resources become available.
Personality and fibromyalgia: relationships with clinical, emotional, and functional variables.
(Elsevier, 2015) Montoro, Casandra I.; Reyes del Paso, Gustavo A.
This study evaluates H.J. Eysenck’s three personality dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism) in patients with fibromyalgia (FMS) compared with healthy controls (HC), and analyzes their association with clinical, emotional and functional variables and pain coping strategies. Ninety-two FMS patients and 65 HC completed the abbreviated EPQR, in addition to instruments measuring clinical pain, fatigue, sleep, anxiety, depression, health related quality of live (HRQL) and pain coping strategies. Results showed: (1) FMS patients exhibited greater levels of neuroticism and psychoticism but not extroversion, in comparison with HC; (2) group differences in all measured variables remained when the three personality dimensions were entered as covariates; (3) while in HC neuroticism was positively associated with pain, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing strategy scores, and lower HRQL, in FMS patients associations were sparse and lower in magnitude; (4) in FMS patients extroversion was associated with lower pain, anxiety, and depression, and higher mental HRQL; and (5) psychoticism was associated with lower anxiety in the FMS group and greater catastrophizing in HC. Data suggest that neuroticism only plays a minor role in clinical manifestations of FMS. However, extraversion appears to exert a protective influence in FMS, as it is associated with better health outcomes in several domains.
Breath-holding during exhalation as a simple manipulation to reduce pain perception.
(Oxford University Press, 2015) Reyes del Paso, Gustavo A.; Muñoz, Cristina; Montoro, Casandra I.
Objective: Baroreceptor stimulation yields antinociceptive effects. In this study, baroreceptors were stimulated by a respiratory maneuver, with the effect of this manipulation on pain perception subsequently measured. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy participants were instructed to inhale slowly (control condition) and to hold the air in lungs after a deep inhalation (experimental condition). It was expected that breath-holding would increases blood pressure (BP) and thus stimulate the baroreceptors, which in turn would reduce pain perception. Pain was induced by pressure algometry on the nail of the left-index finger, at three different pressure intensities, and quantified by visual analogue scales. Heart rate (HR) and BP were continuously recorded. Results: Pain perception was lower when pain pressure was administered during the breath-holding phase versus the slow inhalation phase, regardless of the pressure intensity. During breath-holding, a rapid increase in BP and decrease in HR were observed, demonstrating activation of the baroreceptor reflex. Conclusion: Pain perception is reduced when painful stimulation is applied during breath-holding immediately following a deep inhalation. These results suggest that a simple and easy-to-perform respiratory maneuver could be used to reduce acute pain perception.
Aberrant Cerebral Blood Flow Responses during Cognition: Implications for the Understanding of Cognitive Deficits in Fibromyalgia
(American Psychological Association, 2015) Montoro, Casandra I.; Duschek, Stefan; Muñoz, Cristina; Fernández, María José; Reyes del Paso, Gustavo A.
Objective: There is ample evidence for cognitive deficits in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The present study investigated cerebral blood flow responses during arithmetic processing in FMS patients and its relationship with performance. The influence of clinical factors on performance and blood flow responses were also analyzed. Method: Forty-five FMS patients and 32 matched healthy controls completed a mental arithmetic task while cerebral blood flow velocities in the middle (MCA) and anterior (ACA) cerebral arteries were measured bilaterally using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD). Results: Patients′ cognitive processing speeds were slower versus healthy controls. In contrast to patients, healthy controls showed a pronounced early blood flow response (during seconds 4–6 after the warning signal) in all assessed arteries. MCA blood flow modulation during this period was correlated with task performance. This early blood flow response component was markedly less pronounced in FMS patients in both MCAs. Furthermore, patients displayed an aberrant pattern of lateralization, with right hemispheric dominance especially observed in the ACA. Severity of clinical pain in FMS patients was correlated with cognitive performance and cerebral blood flow responses. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment in FMS is associated with alterations in cerebral blood flow responses during cognitive processing. These results suggest a potential physiological pathway through which psychosocial and clinical factors may affect cognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
El impacto emocional del incivismo laboral y el abuso verbal en el trabajo: influencia de la recuperación diaria
(Editum - Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (España), 2015) Garrosa, Eva; Carmona-Cobo, Isabel; Moreno-Jiménez, Bernardo; Sanz-Vergel, Ana Isabel
El objetivo fue estudiar el impacto diario del incivismo laboral y el abuso verbal en el bienestar emocional de los trabajadores, y explorar el papel de la recuperación. Se realizó un estudio de diario durante cinco días laborales consecutivos (525 días en total) con 105 trabajadores del sector servicios. Se evaluó en dos momentos temporales distintos, general y diario. La medida de diario consistió en la evaluación durante una semana laboral y en distintos momentos del día, mañana, tarde y noche. Los análisis multini-vel mostraron resultados significativos del incivismo laboral y el abuso ver-bal como predictores del agotamiento emocional, y todos sobre el afecto negativo de la noche. No se encontraron relaciones entre estas variables y el afecto positivo de la noche. La recuperación durante la tarde fue clave en el estado afectivo de la noche. La relajación tuvo un efecto directo sobre el afecto negativo y las actividades enriquecedoras sobre el afecto positivo, además se encontraron efectos de moderación de la desconexión psicológi-ca y la relajación. El diseño del estudio puede proporcionar importantes avances en medidas preventivas de la agresión en el ámbito laboral.
Social stress increases cortisol and hampers attention in adolescents with excess weight
(PLOS, 2015-04-21) Verdejo-García, Antonio; Moreno-Padilla, María; García-Ríos, M Carmen; López-Torrecillas, Francisca; Delgado-Rico, Elena; Schmidt-Rio-Valle, Jacqueline; Fernandez-Serrano, María José
Objective To experimentally examine if adolescents with excess weight are more sensitive to social stress and hence more sensitive to harmful effects of stress in cognition. Design and Methods We conducted an experimental study in 84 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old classified in two groups based on age adjusted Body Mass Index percentile: Normal weight (n=42) and Excess weight (n=42). Both groups were exposed to social stress as induced by the virtual reality version of the Trier Social Stress Task --participants were requested to give a public speech about positive and negative aspects of their personalities in front of a virtual audience. The outcome measures were salivary cortisol levels and performance in cognitive tests before and after the social stressor. Cognitive tests included the CANTAB Rapid Visual Processing Test (measuring attention response latency and discriminability) and the Iowa Gambling Task (measuring decision-making). Results Adolescents with excess weight compared to healthy weight controls displayed increased cortisol response and less improvement of attentional performance after the social stressor. Decision-making performance decreased after the social stressor in both groups. Conclusion Adolescents who are overweight or obese have increased sensitivity to social stress, which detrimentally impacts attentional skills.
Emotional reactions to alcohol-related words: Differences between low- and high-risk drinkers
(Elsevier, 2015-11) Gantiva, Carlos; Delgado, Rafael; Romo-González, Tania
Introduction: Research that has examined responses to alcohol-related words in drinkers has mostly linked such responses to memory, attentional, and perceptual bias. However, studies of emotional processing in alcoholics have not received much attention. The main goal of the present study was to identify the features and differences of emotional responses to alcohol-related words in low- and high-risk drinkers. Method: A total of 149 low-risk drinkers and 125 high-risk drinkers evaluated five alcohol-related words and 15 words from the Affective Norms for English Words in the dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance using the Self-Assessment Manikin. Results: The results indicated that high-risk drinkers evaluated alcohol-related words as more appetitive and arousing. Conclusion: These results, together with findings in the attention and memory research literature, suggest that alcohol-related words can serve as conditioned cues in alcohol consumption.
Age-related differences in working memory updating components
(Elsevier, 2016) Linares-Martínez, Rocío; Bajo, María Teresa; Pelegrina, Santiago
The aim of this study was to investigate possible age-related changes throughout childhood and adolescence in different component processes of working memory updating (WMU): retrieval, transformation, and substitution. A set of numerical WMU tasks was administered to four age groups (8-, 11-, 14-, and 21-yearolds). To isolate the effect of each of the WMU components, participants performed different versions of a task that included different combinations of the WMU components. The results showed an expected overall decrease in response times and an increase in accuracy performance with age. Most important, specific age-related changes in the retrieval component were found, demonstrating that the effect of retrieval on accuracy was larger in children than in adolescents or young adults. These findings indicate that the availability of representations from outside the focus of attention may change with age. Thus, the retrieval component of updating could contribute to the age-related changes observed in the performance of many updating tasks.
Affective pictures and the Open Library of Affective Foods (OLAF): tools to investigate emotions toward food in adults
(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2016-08) Miccoli, Laura; Delgado, Rafael; Guerra, Pedro; Versace, Francesco; Rodríguez-Ruiz, Sonia; Fernández-Santaella, M. Carmen
Recently, several sets of standardized food pictures have been created, supplying both food images and their subjective evaluations. However, to date only the OLAF (Open Library of Affective Foods), a set of food images and ratings we developed in adolescents, has the specific purpose of studying emotions toward food. Moreover, some researchers have argued that food evaluations are not valid across individuals and groups, unless feelings toward food cues are compared with feelings toward intense experiences unrelated to food, that serve as benchmarks. Therefore the OLAF presented here, comprising a set of original food images and a group of standardized highly emotional pictures, is intended to provide valid between-group judgments in adults. Emotional images (erotica, mutilations, and neutrals from the International Affective Picture System/IAPS) additionally ensure that the affective ratings are consistent with emotion research. The OLAF depicts high-calorie sweet and savory foods and low-calorie fruits and vegetables, portraying foods within natural scenes matching the IAPS features. An adult sample evaluated both food and affective pictures in terms of pleasure, arousal, dominance, and food craving, following standardized affective rating procedures. The affective ratings for the emotional pictures corroborated previous findings, thus confirming the reliability of evaluations for the food images. Among the OLAF images, high-calorie sweet and savory foods elicited the greatest pleasure, although they elicited, as expected, less arousal than erotica. The observed patterns were consistent with research on emotions and confirmed the reliability of OLAF evaluations. The OLAF and affective pictures constitute a sound methodology to investigate emotions toward food within a wider motivational framework. The OLAF is freely accessible at digibug.ugr.es.
How do Curiosity, Meaning in Life, and Search for Meaning Predict College Students’ Daily Emotional Exhaustion and Engagement?
(SPRINGER, 2017) Garrosa, Eva; Blanco-Donoso, Luis Manuel; Carmona-Cobo, Isabel; Moreno-Jiménez, Bernardo
College students face numerous academic demands on a daily basis. The resources of the University and of the students to cope with these demands are essential to explain students’ levels of well-being. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the role of day-level curiosity and meaning in life in the explanation of students’ levels of engagement and emotional exhaustion at night. Two-hundred and nine college students participated in a daily study of five consecutive academic days, completing measures of curiosity and meaning in life in the afternoon and measures of engagement and emotional exhaustion at night. Data were analyzed using MLwiN software from a hierarchical linear modeling and daily approach. Curiosity in the afternoon showed a positive relationship with levels of engagement at night, and a negative relationship with levels of emotional exhaustion at night. Moreover, the interaction of curiosity and search for meaning and emotional exhaustion was positive. Although curiosity drives to exploring opportunities and challenges, decreases exhaustion and promotes daily engagement, when curiosity interacts with other emotional loads (such as search for meaning), it can become an emotional overload favoring exhaustion. From this perspective, it is necessary to continue investigating the mechanisms that predict students’ well-being and to create academic environments that stimulate curiosity and support students in their search for meaning in life.

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