Examinando por Autor "Ruiz-Ariza, Alberto"
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Ítem Actividad Física, Bullying y Cyberbullying en niños y adolescentes. Análisis de la asociación y riesgo en variables de aprendizaje(2025-04-03) Rusillo, Alba; Martínez-López, Emilio J.; Ruiz-Ariza, Alberto; Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y CorporalEl objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral fue analizar la relación entre la actividad física (AF), el bullying y el cyberbullying, así como su influencia en el aprendizaje, bienestar, ansiedad y uso de dispositivos móviles en niños y adolescentes. Mediante una revisión sistemática y estudios de asociación, se concluye que la AF puede reducir la victimización por acoso y mejorar el bienestar psicológico. Los estudiantes físicamente activos presentan niveles más bajos de victimización y agresión en cyberbullying, aunque en bullying tradicional se asocian con mayor agresión. Además, tanto víctimas como agresores de bullying y cyberbullying tienen un aprendizaje superficial, mayor ansiedad ante los exámenes y una mayor propensión al uso prolongado de dispositivos electrónicos. Las chicas, en particular, son más afectadas en términos de procrastinación y ansiedad. Finalmente, la tesis destaca la importancia de la AF para prevenir el bullying y reducir el uso de dispositivos móviles en jóvenes. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to analyze the relationship between physical activity (PA), bullying and cyberbullying, as well as its influence on learning, well-being, anxiety and mobile device use in children and adolescents. Through a systematic review and association studies, we conclude that PA can reduce bullying victimization and improve psychological well-being. Physically active students present lower levels of victimization and aggression in cyberbullying, although in traditional bullying they are associated with higher aggression. In addition, both victims and perpetrators of bullying and cyberbullying have superficial learning, higher test anxiety, and a greater propensity for prolonged use of electronic devices. Girls, in particular, are more affected in terms of procrastination and anxiety. Finally, the thesis highlights the importance of PA to prevent bullying and reduce the use of mobile devices in young people.Ítem Acute and chronic effect of physical activity on cognition and behaviour in young people with ADHD: A systematic review(ELSEVIER, 2018-06) Suárez-Manzano, Sara; Ruiz-Ariza, Alberto; De la Torre-Cruz, Manuel J.; Martínez-López, Emilio J.Background Young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have learning and behavioral control difficulties. Aim The aim of this review is analyse the acute and chronic effect of physical activity (PA) on the cognition and behaviour of children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods Studies were identified in five databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and SCOPUS), from January 2000 through to January 2017. A total of 16 interventional studies met the inclusion criteria. Results/conclusions PA practice of 20–30 min (intensity 40–75%) produces a positive acute effect on processing speed, working memory, planning and problem solving in young people with ADHD. However, these effects on behaviour are contradictory and vary depending on age. Chronic PA practice (≥30 min per day, ≥40% intensity, ≥three days per week, ≥five weeks) further improves attention, inhibition, emotional control, behaviour and motor control. The results must be treated with caution, because only 25% of the studies used confounders. Implication More research is needed to justify the causes of these effects. It is necessary to establish programs with regard to the duration, intensity, kind of exercise, and time of PA to improve cognition and behaviour in young people with ADHD taking into account potential confounders.Ítem Analysis of the effect size of overweight in muscular strength tests among adolescents: Reference values according to sex, age, and body mass index.(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2018-05) Martínez-López, Emilio J.; De la Torre-Cruz, Manuel J.; Suárez-Manzano, Sara; Ruiz-Ariza, AlbertoThe aim of this paper is to quantify the effect size of overweight on the results of muscular strength tests in adolescents and to report percentile tables based on sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). The study hypothesized that the effect size obtained from the difference between normal-weight and overweight youth would be greater than the differences between sexes within the same age group. A total of 11,044 Spanish adolescents (48.5% girls) aged 14.39 6 1.21 years (range: 12–16 years) from 42 secondary schools participated in the research. Muscular strength was evaluated using standing long jump, hand grip strength (manual dynamometer), and sit-ups (30 seconds). The effect size was analyzed using the adjusted Hedges’ g˘. The results show that 76.3 and 72.8% of overweight boys and girls, respectively, performed a standing long jump equal to or less than the normal-weight average. The 67.4 and 67.1% of overweight boys and girls, respectively, showed manual dynamometer values equal to or greater than the normal-weight average. Finally, 68.7 and 65.9% of overweight boys and girls, respectively, obtained measures for 30 seconds of sit-ups equal to or lower than the normal-weight average. It can therefore be concluded that the differential effect size between boys and girls is higher than that between normal-weight and overweight adolescents in the 3 strength tests analyzed. Despite the above, these results suggest the value of taking into account the BMI when assessing the muscular strength of young people, in addition to sex and age.Ítem Apoyo parental percibido y motivación adolescente hacia la actividad física.(Universidad Illes Balears, 2019) De la Torre-Cruz, Manuel J.; Ruiz-Ariza, Alberto; Suárez-Manzano, Sara; Martínez-López, Emilio J.Este estudio pretendió conocer en qué medida diferentes formas de apoyo social materno y paterno incrementaban el porcentaje de varianza explicada de motivación autodeterminada hacia la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva de sus hijos, más allá de la proporción atribuida a un conjunto de variables personales (sexo, edad, e índice de masa corporal). Cuatrocientos sesenta y nueve adolescentes (50.3% chicas) con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 16 años de edad participaron en el estudio. Los instrumentos empleados fueron una adaptación al castellano de la Activity Support Scale y del Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2. El análisis estadístico principal consistió en un procedimiento de regresión jerárquica. Los resultados revelaron que para el caso de la motivación identificada el porcentaje de varianza explicada por el modelo ascendió hasta el 25%. Además del sexo y la edad, el apoyo instrumental atribuido a madres y padres contribuía a la explicación de la variabilidad observada. Respecto a la motivación intrínseca, el porcentaje de varianza explicada fue del 27%. Más allá del sexo, el apoyo instrumental materno y paterno contribuyó a la explicación de la variabilidad observada. La percepción juvenil de la provisión de recursos materiales y económicos se asoció con una orientación motivacional que destaca los beneficios que aporta, así como el disfrute y satisfacción que se deriva de la realización de actividad física.Ítem Perceived parental support toward physical activity positively predicts physical self-concept in young adolescents(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2019-05) De la Torre-Cruz, Manuel J.; López-Serrano, Sebastián; Ruiz-Ariza, Alberto; Martínez-López, Emilio J.Previous research that has examined the association between parental physical activity behaviour and physical self-concept in children and adolescents has found inconsistent relationships. This study examined whether perceived parental physical activity practice contributed to the explanation of physical self-concept in adolescents based on the anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness status of the adolescent participants. One thousand and nineteen compulsory education students participated in the study (M = 14.14 years). Beyond the influence of gender, age, body mass index, and physical fitness status, perceived past parental physical activity levels, general support and guiding support explained physical activity self-concept, perceived sport competence and resistance. It is concluded that instrumental and guiding support are positively related to adolescents’ physical self-concept. A higher physical self-concept could increase the practice of physical activity and decrease its early dropout at these ages.Ítem Perceived physical fitness mediates the relationship between parental support and physical activity enjoyment in overweight and obese adolescents(OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2020-10) De la Torre-Cruz, Manuel J.; Suárez-Manzano, Sara; López-Serrano, Sebastián; Ruiz-Ariza, AlbertoThe relationship between parental support and physical activity enjoyment appears to be mediated by individual-level factors. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between perceived parental support and physical activity enjoyment is mediated by overweight and obese adolescents’ physical fitness, both subjectively and objectively assessed. A total of 163 participants (mean age ¼14.30 years, 55.8% boys) with an average body mass index of 28.97 kg/m2 took part in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire of parental influence regarding physical activity, a questionnaire of physical self-perception and several fitness tests (cardiorespiratory fitness, lower limbs muscular strength and flexibility) using the ALPHAfitness battery. The results showed that relationship between perceived parental support and physical activity enjoyment is mediated by the overweight and obese adolescents’ perceived cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility. We suggest to create educational guidelines for parents to increase the support and improve overweight and obese students’ positive perceived physical competence, in order to achieve a greater adherence to physical activity and greater physical activity enjoyment.