Examinando por Autor "Osama, Amr"
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Ítem Effect of electrical operating conditions on thermal behavior of PV modules: Numerical and experimental analysis(Elsevier, 2025) Osama, Amr; Tina, Giuseppe Marco; Gagliano, Antonio; Jiménez-Castillo, Gabino; Muñoz-Rodríguez, Francisco JoséThe rapid growth of photovoltaic (PV) energy has the potential to transform the global energy landscape. However, the intermittent nature of solar power presents significant challenges to grid integration, such as overgeneration and curtailment. Consequently, PV systems may operate at points other than the maximum power point (MPP). Monitoring the thermal behavior of photovoltaic systems is critical due to its impact on productivity and system health. Most studies focus on meteorological variables, often overlooking the influence of electrical operating states on thermal performance. Thus the objective is to evaluate the accuracy of existing thermal models from the literature and widely used specialized software tools—alongside their commonly cited coefficients against different electrical operating status (EOS). This study investigates the thermal behavior of PV modules under different EOS: short-circuited (PVset-1), open-circuited (PVset-2), and operating at MPP (PVset-3). The experiment was conducted over four months at Jaén University campus in Spain. Results showed the short-circuited module's temperature was 6.90 °C higher, and the open-circuited module's temperature was 3.67 °C higher than the MPP module. Thermographic investigations revealed multiple hotspots in the short-circuited set. These hotspots can severely impact the module's long-term reliability and efficiency. The analysis of thermal models considering these operating states indicated an overestimation of the MPP module's temperature. However, the Keddouda model demonstrated high accuracy potential, with an average deviation of less than 3.4 %, particularly at high irradiance levels. These findings highlight the necessity of considering EOS in thermal models to enhance the accuracy and reliability of PV system performance assessments.Ítem Enhanced thermal models of photovoltaic modules by electrical operating conditions dependency(Elsevier, 2026-01-15) Tina , Giuseppe Marco; Osama, Amr; Gagliano, Antonio; Mannino, Gaetano; Muñoz-Rodríguez, Francisco José; Jiménez-Castillo, GabinoThe increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems poses challenges to the reliability and adequacy of power systems. To support grid stability, PV systems must evolve to be capable of providing frequency regulation and reserve services—including not only down frequency reserve but also up reserve. This latter service requires PV modules to operate away from their maximum power point (MPP), a condition that requires an enhancement in PV module thermal behavior assessment. Consequently, there is a growing need for advanced thermal models that account for electrical operating conditions to ensure accurate temperature prediction under all operating scenarios. While traditional thermal models primarily depend on meteorological inputs, they typically neglect the Electrical Operating Status (EOS). Overlooking this issue can lead to significant prediction errors—up to 5–7 ◦C—especially during operation away from MPP. The proposed investigation developed an enhanced thermal model incorporating EOS dependency by including the ratio of measured current to the calculated current at MPP as an additional input. Two cases of the Faiman and Sandia models were optimized using Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, non-linear least squares, and polynomial regression. Optimization is performed using three identical PV systems operating under reference EOS conditions: open circuit, short circuit, and MPP. Results demonstrate that EOS-integrated models significantly improve temperature prediction accuracy. The EOS sensitive models achieved prediction errors as low as 0.1–1.13 % and R2 values above 0.91, outperforming traditional models that exhibited errors from 2 to 29 %. These findings support the need for EOSaware thermal modelling in modern PV system design and operation