Examinando por Autor "Castro-Galiano, Eulogio"
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Ítem Alkaline activated cements obtained from ferrous and non-ferrous slags. Electric arc furnace slag, ladle furnace slag, copper slag and silico-manganese slag(Elsevier, 2024-03) Gómez-Casero , Miguel Ángel; Bueno, Salvador; Castro-Galiano, Eulogio; Eliche-Quesada, DoloresFerrous slag: electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS); and non-ferrous slag: copper slag (CS) and silicon-manganese slag (SiMnS) have been used as precursors for alkali activated cements (AACs). The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the silica modulus (Ms = SiO2/K2O) (0.5–1.8) of the potassium silicate/potassium hydroxide solution on the microstructure and technological properties of AACs using individual slags. The results obtained indicate that under the activation conditions used, CS and EAFS are more reactive slags, giving rise to AACs with optimum flexural and compressive strengths of 7.5 and 51.5 MPa and 5.7 and 30.5 MPa for a Ms = 1.4, respectively. While the SiMnS and LFS are less reactive resulting in AACs with flexural and compressive strengths of 3.2 and 11.6 MPa at Ms = 1.4 for SiMnS and 1.1 MPa and 4.6 MPa at Ms = 0.9 for LFS. In all AACs, the development of the alkaline activation reaction is confirmed due to the presence of gel, of different nature and quantity depending on the precursor used. The lower mechanical properties of the AACs using SiMnS and LFS as precursor may also be due to the presence of microcracks. Therefore, this study confirms that ferrous and non-ferrous slags can be used as precursors of AACs, with the type of precursor and the modulus of the activating solution influencing mechanical properties. AACs using CS and EAFS can be used in structural applications, while those using SiMnS and LFS can be used in non-structural applications in civil engineering.Ítem Biorefinery based on olive biomass. State of the art and future trends(Elsevier, 2014-03-25) Romero-García, Juan Miguel; Niño, Luis; Martínez-Patiño, José Carlos; Álvarez-Vaquerizo, Cristina; Castro-Galiano, Eulogio; Negro, María JoséWith currently more than nine million hectares, olive tree cultivation has spread worldwide, table olives and olive oil as the main products. Moreover, a number of by-products and residues derived from both tree cultivation and the process of industrial olive oil production, most having no practical applications, are obtained yearly. This paper reviews the research regarding these by-products, namely biomass from olive tree pruning, olive stones, olive pomace and wastewaters obtained from the process of olive oil production. Furthermore, a wide range of compounds has been identified and can be produced using a broad definition of the term biorefinery based on olive tree biomass. As an example, this paper reviews ethanol production as one of the main proposed applications, as well as research on other value-added products. Finally, this paper also assesses recent technological advances, future perspectives and challenges in each stage of the process.Ítem Effect of olive-pruning fibres as reinforcements of alkali-activated cements based on electric arc furnace slag and biomass bottom ash(Springer Nature, 2024-03-18) Gómez-Casero, Miguel Ángel; Sánchez-Soto, Pedro José; Castro-Galiano, Eulogio; Eliche-Quesada, DoloresIn this work, alkali-activated composites using electric arc furnace slag (50 wt%) and biomass bottom ash (50 wt%) were manufactured, adding olive-pruning fibres as reinforcement. The objective of adding fibres is to improve the flexural strength of composites, as well as to prevent the expansion of cracks as a result of shrinkage. For this reason, composites reinforced with olive-pruning fibres (0.5–2 wt%) untreated and treated with three different solutions to improve matrix–fibre adhesion were manufactured. Treatments developed over fibres were a 10 wt% Na2SiO3 solution, 3 wt% CaCl2 solution and 5 wt% NaOH solution. Mechanical properties, physical properties, thermal properties and the microstructure of composites by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were studied to demonstrate the improvement. Alkaline treatment degraded fibre surface, increasing the matrix–fibre adhesion, and as a consequence, flexural strength increased up to 20% at 90 days of curing. Optimal results were obtained with composites reinforced with 1 wt% of olive-pruning fibre treated by a 10 wt% Na2SiO3 solution. Higher quantity of olive-pruning fibre leads to local agglomeration, which weakens the matrix–fibre adhesion. The effect on the compressive strength is less evident, since the addition of fibres produces an admissible decrease (between 0 and 9% using 0.5 or 1 wt% of fibres), except in composites that use olive pruning treated with 10 wt% Na2SiO3 solution, where values remain stable, similar or better to control paste. A greater ductility of the matrix in all composites was observed. Furthermore, the alkali-activated cement matrix was bonded to olive-pruning fibre better than untreated fibre, as it is shown in SEM images. Thus, the results showed that olive-pruning fibres could be used as reinforcement in the manufacturing of alkali-activated materials when they are treated with alkali solutions.Ítem Engineering aspects of hydrothermal pretreatment: From batch to continuous operation, scale-up and pilot reactor under biorefinery concept(Elsevier, 2020) Ruiz-Leza, Héctor; Conrad, Marc; Sun, Shao-Nin; Sánchez-Carmona, Arturo; De Moraes Rocha, George J.M.; Romaní, Aloia; Castro-Galiano, Eulogio; Torres-Rippa, Ana; Rodríguez-Jasso, Rosa M.; Pires-Andrade, Liliane; Smirnova, Irina; Sun, Run-Cang; Meyer, Anne S.Different pretreatments strategies have been developed over the years mainly to enhance enzymatic cellulose degradation. In the new biorefinery era, a more holistic view on pretreatment is required to secure optimal use of the whole biomass. Hydrothermal pretreatment technology is regarded as very promising for lignocellulose biomass fractionation biorefinery and to be implemented at the industrial scale for biorefineries of second generation and circular bioeconomy, since it does not require no chemical inputs other than liquid water or steam and heat. This review focuses on the fundamentals of hydrothermal pretreatment, structure changes of biomass during this pretreatment, multiproduct strategies in terms of biorefinery, reactor technology and engineering aspects from batch to continuous operation. The treatise includes a case study of hydrothermal biomass pretreatment at pilot plant scale and integrated process design.Ítem Estudio del pretratamiento con agua caliente en fase líquida de la paja de trigo para su conversión biológica a etanol(Jaén : Universidad de Jaén, 2014) Pérez-Jiménez, José Antonio; Castro-Galiano, Eulogio; Manzanares-Secades, Paloma; Ballesteros-Perdices, Ignacio; Universidad de Jaén. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y de los Materiales[ES]Este trabajo está enmarcado en el campo de la investigación para la producción de combustibles líquidos a partir de biomasa (biocombustibles), que surge como alternativa a la utilización de combustibles de origen fósil en el sector transporte. Aunque en los últimos años se han conseguido avances significativos en el desarrollo de tecnologías de producción de biocombustibles líquidos, el elevado coste de las materias primas que se utilizan actualmente para su producción, ligadas al mercado alimentario, hace que no sean competitivos. En este contexto, la utilización de materias primas lignocelulósicas, como por ejemplo la paja del cereal, se vislumbra como una de las opciones más prometedoras para la obtención de bioetanol combustible a bajo coste.Ítem Hepatopreventive properties of hydroxytyrosol and mannitol-rich extracts obtained from exhausted olive pomace using green extraction methods(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022-12-25) Contreras, María del Mar; Gómez -Cruz, Irene; Feriani, Anouar; Alwasel, Saleh; Harrath, Abdel Halim; Romero-Pulido, Inmaculada; Castro-Galiano, Eulogio; Tlili, NizarExhausted olive pomace (EOP) is produced in olive-pomace oil extractors as a by-product. However, the obtention of bioactive compounds from EOP can reinsert it into the economy as a new bioresource before applying other exploitation ways. The objective of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical differences between aqueous and aqueous acetonic extracts from EOP (AE-EOP and AAE-EOP, respectively) obtained by hydrothermal and ultrasound-assisted extraction, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activities and the in vivo hepatopreventive potential were evaluated. Using RP-HPLC–ESI–QTOF– MS, the chemical profile revealed that AE-EOP and AAE-EOP showed similar qualitative profiles, with some quantitative differences. Hydroxytyrosol and mannitol were the major compounds of the extracts. The investigation of antioxidant properties in vitro highlighted that AE-EOP was slightly more efficient in scavenging DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide radicals, when compared to AAE-EOP. Additionally, AE-EOP and AAE-EOP showed dose-dependent suppressive effects on pancreatic lipase activity. In vivo studies showed that AE-EOP and AAE-EOP presented interesting hepatopreventive capacities against CCl4 induced liver injury, as evidenced by (i) the preventive effects against DNA damage, (ii) the normalised hepatic biomarker parameters (ALT, AST, GGT, and LDH) and (iii) the normalised lipid profile (LDL-C, TC, TG, and HDL-C) through diminishing their levels, (iv) which was supported by Oil Red O analysis. Furthermore, AE-EOP and AAE-EOP reduced the oxidative stress in liver tissue by inhibiting lipid peroxidation together with the enhancement of the hepatic antioxidant activities (CAT, SOD and GPx) and GSH content. Additionally, AE-EOP and AAE-EOP exhibited an antifibrotic effect, which was clearly demonstrated by the histopathological examination using Picrosirius red staining. The obtained results support the use of EOP extracts in industries without further purification as antioxidants and against free radical induced damage.Ítem Hidrólisis y fermentación de residuos de tallos de girasol(Jaén : Universidad de Jaén, 2004) Ruiz-Ramos, Encarnación; Sánchez-Villasclaras, Sebastián; Castro-Galiano, Eulogio; Universidad de Jaén. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y de los MaterialesÍtem High Solids Loading Pretreatment of Olive Tree Pruning with Dilute Phosphoric Acid for Bioethanol Production by Escherichia coli(American Chemical Society, 2015-02-26) Martínez-Patiño, José Carlos; Romero-García, Juan Miguel; Ruiz-Ramos, Encarnación; Oliva, José Miguel; Álvarez-Vaquerizo, Cristina; Romero-Pulido, Inmaculada; Negro, María José; Castro-Galiano, EulogioThis paper deals with a new approach for using olive tree pruning biomass as raw material for ethanol and other chemical production. This process includes a water extraction step, followed by a high solids loading dilute phosphoric acid pretreatment and an ethanologenic Escherichia coli fermentation for the conversion of all of the sugars released. Results show that the operational conditions leading to the maximal hemicelullosic sugar recovery in the liquid fraction (near 70%) are 170 °C and 0.5% (w/v) phosphoric acid concentration. The fermentation of the mixed sugars found in the detoxified prehydrolysates by ethanologenic E. coli MS04 led to an ethanol concentration of 23 g/L and an ethanol yield of 0.46 g of ethanol/g of sugars consumed. When the ethanol production from the pretreated solids after enzymatic hydrolysis is also taken into account, 13.2 g of ethanol/100 g of original material was obtained. The production of other interesting compounds is also considered.Ítem Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of biomass from olive trees using response surface methodology(Elsevier, 2019) Martínez-Patiño, José Carlos; Gullón, Beatriz; Romero-Pulido, Inmaculada; Ruiz-Ramos, Encarnación; Brnčić, Mladen; Žlabur, Jana Šic; Castro-Galiano, EulogioOlive tree pruning biomass (OTP) and olive mill leaves (OML) are the main residual lignocellulosic biomasses that are generated from olive trees. They have been proposed as a source of value-added compounds and biofuels within the biorefinery concept. In this work, the optimization of an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process was performed to extract antioxidant compounds present in OTP and OML. The effect of the three parameters, ethanol/water ratio (20, 50, 80% of ethanol concentration), amplitude percentage (30, 50, 70%) and ultrasonication time (5, 10, 15 min), on the responses of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) were evaluated following a Box–Behnken experimental design. The optimal conditions obtained from the model, taking into account simultaneously the five responses, were quite similar for OTP and OML, with 70% amplitude and 15 min for both biomasses and a slight difference in the optimum concentration of ethanol. (54.5% versus 51.3% for OTP and OML, respectively). When comparing the antioxidant activities obtained with OTP and OML, higher values were obtained for OML (around 40% more than for OTP). The antioxidant activities reached experimentally under the optimized conditions were 31.6 mg of TE/g of OTP and 42.5 mg of TE/g of OML with the DPPH method, 66.5 mg of TE/g of OTP and 95.9 mg of TE/g of OML with the ABTS method, and 36.4 mg of TE/g of OTP and 49.7 mg of TE/g of OML with the FRAP method. Both OTP and OML could be a potential source of natural antioxidants.Ítem Simulación y valorización de residuos de la industria oleícola en la producción cerámica(Jaén : Universidad de Jaén, 2015-10-09) De-la-Casa-Hernández, José-Antonio; Castro-Galiano, Eulogio; Universidad de Jaén. Departamento de : Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y de los Materiales[ES] Los principales residuos generados en la obtención de aceite de oliva son agua del lavado de aceite y alperujo. Adicionalmente, se producen cenizas de alperujo en industrias afines. El trabajo de investigación estudia la valorización de estos residuos en la industria cerámica. Las composiciones ensayadas se han moldeado en extrusora de laboratorio y cocido en horno eléctrico de laboratorio y adicionalmente en horno túnel para las composiciones con agua de lavado y alperujo. La adición de residuos de la industria oleícola modifica ciertas características de los productos obtenidos y variables de operación de la planta. Los nuevos valores de las variables de operación están dentro de los rangos de trabajo. El ahorro energético y de materias primas minerales, la reducción de emisiones de CO2, la eliminación de materiales contaminantes y la obtención de productos que satisfacen los requisitos de calidad fomentan la valorización de estos residuos en productos cerámicos.Ítem Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction as a First Step in a Biorefinery Strategy for Valorisation of Extracted Olive Pomace(MDPI, 2019-07-12) Martínez-Patiño, José Carlos; Gómez-Cruz, Irene; Romero-Pulido, Inmaculada; Gullón, Beatriz; Ruiz-Ramos, Encarnación; Brnčić, Mladen; Castro-Galiano, EulogioCurrently, interest in finding new feedstock as sources of natural food antioxidants is growing. The extracted olive pomace (EOP), which is an agro-industrial residue from the olive pomace extracting industries, is generated yearly in big amounts, mainly in the Mediterranean countries. EOP was subjected to an ultrasound assisted extraction with ethanol-water mixtures. The effect of main parameters, such as ethanol concentration (30–70% v/v), ultrasound amplitude (20–80%), and extraction time (5–15 min), on the extraction of antioxidant compounds was evaluated according to a Box–Behnken experimental design. The antioxidant capacity of the resulting extracts was determined by measuring their content in total phenolic compounds (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC), as well as their antioxidant activity by DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ABTS assays. Considering the simultaneous maximization of these five responses, the optimal conditions were found to be 43.2% ethanol concentration, 70% amplitude, and 15 min. The ultrasound assisted extraction of EOP under these optimized conditions yielded an extract with a phenolic and flavonoid content (per gram of EOP) of 57.5 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 126.9 mg rutin equivalent (RE), respectively. Likewise, the values for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay (per gram of EOP) of 56.7, 139.1, and 64.9 mg Trolox equivalent, respectively were determined in the optimized extract.Ítem Valorización de residuos industriales y agroindustriales para la obtención de nuevos materiales cerámicos y geopoliméricos(Jaén : Universidad de Jaén, 2022-06-01) Bonet-Martínez, Eduardo; Castro-Galiano, Eulogio; Pérez-Villarejo, Luis; Universidad de Jaén. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y de los MaterialesEl trabajo de investigación llevado a cabo consiste en la incorporación y valorización de diferentes residuos industriales y agroindustriales para la obtención y caracterización, tanto de materiales cerámicos como de materiales cementantes geopoliméricos. Entre los residuos que se han investigado se encuentran las cenizas volantes y de fondo procedentes de biomasas, principalmente del olivar; cenizas de cascarillas de arroz; lodo rojo procedente del procesamiento de la bauxita al proceso Bayer; y el polvo de filtro procedentes del proceso de reciclaje del aluminio. Esta idea surge debido a la problemática ambiental que supone la adecuada gestión de los residuos industriales y agroindustriales. Los resultados obtenidos relevan el potencial uso de los residuos utilizados para la fabricación de materiales geopoliméricos y de ladrillos convencionales. Con los beneficios económicos y ambientales que se derivarían de la valorización de estos residuos.