Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica, Diseño y Proyectos

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://hdl.handle.net/10953/40

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Mostrando 1 - 8 de 8

A set of principles for applying Circular Economy to the PV industry: Modeling a closed-loop material cycle system for crystalline photovoltaic panels
(Elsevier, 2021-10) Contreras-Lisperguer, Rubén; Muñoz-Cerón, Emilio; Aguilera-Tejero, Jorge; de la Casa, Juan
The growing popularity of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (C-Si PV) panels will generate a massive amount of waste when they reach their end-of-life (EoL) phase. For sustainable energy technology, we must implement an effective solar photovoltaic (PV) material recovery system. In this paper, the authors assess a Circular Economy (CE) system based on Cradle-to-Cradle (C2C) philosophy as an alternative to tackle the daunting challenge of this waste and explore its impacts in the form of a Closed-Loop Material Cycle (CLMC). First, we discuss the novel concept of circular time, and material separation of C-Si PV materials is discussed by theoretically introducing a novel framework. Then, we recreate a numerical simulation experiment to evaluate the performance of the proposed theoretical model of a CLMC to assess the flow of silicon used in C-Si PV, aiding in future planning and logistics for a CE in the PV industry. The preliminary results obtained in the simulation show that it is not possible to close the material flow without introducing new raw material into the system, unless the operational lifespan of the PV panels is reduced. This research seeks to fill a gap in CE theoretical literature by introducing a new framework and identifying some of the challenges and limits of implementing a CE system in the form of a CLMC system based on C2C principles (C2C-CLMC).
Characterization of bifacial technology PV systems
(Sage, 2024-04-28) Moreno-Buesa, Sergio; Muñoz-Cerón, Emilio; Nofuentes, Gustavo; Gulkowski, Slawomir; de la Casa, Juan; Aguilera-Tejero, Jorge
Bifacial solar technology has experienced exponential growth in recent years and its trend is increasing for the coming years. Considering the advantages that it offers over monofacial technology such as its current price equivalence, the increase in performance thanks to the production of the rear face and the consecutive reduction of the LCOE, it is logical that more and more photovoltaic plants with this technology are been installed. Nowadays, there are some regulatory gaps regarding bifacial technology and, due to this growing trend, it is necessary to study, research and implement the optimal way to evaluate these systems. This article has experimented with a 3.3 kW bifacial photovoltaic system, divided into two strings with different configurations, whose monitoring system has all the instrumentation included in the IEC 61,724 standard, with the addition that it has several rear irradiance sensors arranged in different locations of the system to evaluate the variability of this parameter. After an experimental campaign of 9 months, a power estimation analysis and the calculation of the PR and PR 25°C have been carried out using the different rear irradiance sensors. The variability of this parameter depending on the location of the sensor has affected the results in such a way that the RMSE committed in the power estimation has varied between 10.22% and 2.63%, while the PR and PR 25°C of the system has oscillated between 0.84 for the most unfavorable case and 0.95 in the most favorable case. Assumed the great variability between performance ratios, it is necessary to establish a specific normative standard for the evaluation of Bifacial PV systems.
Cradle-to-cradle approach in the life cycle of silicon solar photovoltaic panels
(Elsevier, 2017-12) Contreras-Lisperguer, Rubén; Muñoz-Cerón, Emilio; Aguilera-Tejero, Jorge; de la Casa, Juan
The penetration rates of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology have growth exponentially and are expected to continue growing. Consequently, in the medium term, the volume of PV panels to be decommissioned will also increase, thus creating a massive amount of waste with resulting negative environmental implications. Among the methodologies that tackle the challenges for reducing the use of non-renewable abiotic resources and the level of waste, the novel cradle-to-cradle (C2C) manufacturing approach states that we can maintain our current levels of economic growth without damaging the environment and promoting a shift in the concept of re-cycling. While the possibility of applying C2C principles within a closed-loop material cycle (CLMC) looks promising, it still requires further research and improvement, particularly to support robust business decisions and policy development. This paper first presents the main challenges and opportunities for C2C implementation for silicon-based solar PV modules, given the complexity of creating and maintaining a true CLMC system. It then calls for urgent development of a credible scientific framework for system modelling, based on thermodynamics and mathematics, in order to truly move from re-cycling to up-cycling. As an initial step, a conceptual model and a suitable time-space scale for the required C2C-CLMC system is proposed.
Evaluation of the bifaciality coefficient of bifacial photovoltaic modules under real operating conditions
(Elsevier, 2024-01) Muñoz-Cerón, Emilio; Moreno-Buesa, Sergio; Leloux, Jonathan; Aguilera-Tejero, Jorge; Moser, David
Among the parameters that define a bifacial photovoltaic module, the bifaciality coefficients indicate the rear and front side ratio of the most representative IV curve points of a photovoltaic panel, that is, Isc, Voc and Pm. However, these parameters are defined under the ideal Standard Test Conditions (STC). Therefore, to provide a realistic insight regarding the performance of bifacial modules, it is necessary to evaluate these coefficients under real operating conditions. For such purpose, an outdoor campaign was performed to experimentally measure the maximum power bifaciality coefficient of two modified bifacial modules that resemble a rear and a front monofacial panel respectively. As a first result, if the measurements are translated to STC, using a linear approximation, the bifaciality matches the value indicated by the manufacturer. Additionally, the operating bifaciality coefficient shows a linear decrease trend, proportional to the irradiance level decrease. This result implies that on cloudy days, the average bifaciality factor is below the corresponding one from sunny days. Finally, for irradiances below 200 W/m2, there is a non-linear increase in the bifaciality, with greater values than the corresponding to the ideal STC conditions, which presumably are caused by the non-linearity performance of photovoltaic modules at low irradiances.
Feasibility evaluation of residential photovoltaic self-consumption projects in Peru
(Elsevier, 2019-06) Espinoza, Rafael; Muñoz-Cerón, EMilio; Aguilera-Tejero, Jorge; de la Casa, Juan
The promotion of large photovoltaics projects is a trendy reality in South America, but the potential to be a solution for distributed generation through small-medium systems connected to the grid is an under-exploited reality. In this paper, a techno-economic analysis of three small PV systems located in different cities of Peru is undertaken. Based on real measured energy data, two different scenarios are going to be economically evaluated: one that resembles a lease contract and another in which a residential owner promotes its installation. Levelised Cost of Electricity results vary from 0.10 USD/kWh to 0.20 USD/kWh, showing that only in the city of Arequipa a cost-competitive result is achieved, whereas in Tacna and Lima it depends on the financing mechanism chosen. Underline that in the city of Lima grid-parity may not be achieved until 2027. In addition, companies selling PV energy within the homeowner facilities, despite resulting in LCOE values lower than the electricity tariffs, they may face non-profitable situations. Therefore, only if banks incorporate the financing of small-scale grid-connected photovoltaic projects into their product portfolio and there is a government policy to promote this technology, small PV projects may be a feasible solution for all residential users in Peru.
Influence of Operation and Maintenance expenditures in the feasibility of photovoltaic projects: The case of a tracking pv plant in Spain
(Elsevier, 2018-10) Muñoz-Cerón, Emilio; Lomas, J.C.; Aguilera-Tejero, Jorge; de la Casa, Juan
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) tasks are becoming increasingly important in the asset management of photovoltaic projects. However, there is insufficient evidence to analyse in depth its influence on the energy and economic performance of such systems. The wide range of O&M annual expenditures (OPEX) and the lack of standardization further complicate the proliferation of specialized studies. This paper analyses the influence of OPEX on the performance and viability of a utility-scale photovoltaic tracking plant based on real data. After a description of the O&M costs incurred to maximise photovoltaic performance, a first result shows that a percentage decrease in annual OPEX does not necessarily imply the same trend in energy losses. Although this electricity decrease may jeopardise the viability of the project, the economic outlook of this study shows that high quality O&M not always improves the Levelised Cost of Electricity or the annual liquid asset of such investment. Finally, it shows real evidence of the influence of promotion policies on the viability of photovoltaic projects, taking Spain as an example, where it is more profitable to abandon the preventive maintenance of a photovoltaic plant than to invest in O&M and only undertake corrective O&M in limit situations
Lessons learned from the field analysis of PV installations in the Saharawi refugee camps after 10 years of operation
(Elsevier, 2018-10) Fuentes-Conde, Manuel; Vivar, Marta; Hosein, Hasena; Aguilera-Tejero, Jorge; Muñoz-Cerón, Emilio
Energy access at refugee camps is one of the main challenges to address in humanitarian response actions, especially on long-term situations. The lack of access to electricity depends, among other factors, on the local natural resources and available technologies. In this sense, solar photovoltaic is one of the most appropriate technologies, especially now with the decrease of the photovoltaic costs. But long-term performance, reliability and social acceptance must be ensured to facilitate the introduction of the technology and its rapid widespread in these humanitarian context. This work presents the results of a field study conducted at the Saharawi refugee camps, inspecting the photovoltaic systems installed in the health institutions after 10 years of use. Results show how despite the good initial system design and high quality of the PV components, the lack of training on operation and maintenance of the PV installations have led to a dramatic reduction of the lifetime of the systems. Strong training programs on basic photovoltaic concepts and operation and maintenance of systems are required to solve this problem and guarantee the long-term functioning of the installations.
Spectral characterization of the solar resource of a sunny inland site for flat plate and concentrating PV systems
(Elsevier, 2017-02) García, R.; Torres-Ramírez, Miguel; Muñoz-Cerón, Emilio; de la Casa, Juan; Aguilera-Tejero, Jorge
The spectrum is not frequently used when rating any PV technology. Moreover, in those energy predictions where it is considered, normally they are based on simulated models. The objective of this work is the spectral characterization of the solar resource based on real measurements as their availability in the scientific community is scarce. For this characterization the Average Photon Energy is used, which has been obtained from an experimental campaign carried out in Jaén (Spain) based on three different configurations: Direct Normal spectrum (DNI tracker), Global spectrum on a tracking system (Gl tracker) and Global spectrum on a fixed surface (Gl fixed). The results show that the annual irradiance weighted average value of APE results in 1.80 eV for DNI tracker, 1.85 eV for Gl tracker and 1.86 eV for Gl fixed, showing a red spectral shift for the DNI measurements. A Red-rich spectrum prevails, so this location is especially suitable for single junction materials with a large absorption band such as CIGS and c-Si. Besides, GI tracker spectra are slightly redder than GI fixed ones, consequently, if c-Si modules are used, spectral gains with 2-axis tracking will be higher than those achieved with a fixed arrangement of such modules.

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Examinando Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica, Diseño y Proyectos por Autor "Aguilera-Tejero, Jorge"