DBABVE-Artículos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/10953/109

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Biology and management of sarcoptic mange in wild Caprinae populations.
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2121-01) Pérez-Jiménez, Jesús María; Granados, José Enrique; Espinosa-Cerrato, José; Ráez-Bravo, Arián; López-Olvera, Jorge Ramón; Rossi, Luca; Meneguz, Pier Giuseppe; Angelone, Samer; Fandos, Paulino; Casimiro-Soriguer-Escofet, Ramón
Sarcoptic mange is a cosmopolitan disease affecting the skin of domestic and wild mammalian species and humans as well. In Eurasia, sarcoptidosis (also known as sarcoptic mange or scabies) affects mountain ungulates (Caprinae) among other wild hosts, and epizootic outbreaks induce variable mortality rates. This fact, coupled with the important ecological and socio-economic values of such mammalian hosts, resulted in many research projects being focused on addressing ecological, physiological, behavioural, genetic, and pathological effects of the disease. Nevertheless, information about management of sarcoptic mange in free-ranging populations is scarce and scattered, with contradictory results and a lack of consensus on basic aspects of the disease. In this review, we summarise knowledge on the effects of sarcoptic mange in wild Caprinae, at individual, pathological and population epidemiological levels, as well as on the current tools and management strategies for its detection, diagnosis, prevention, and control. Disease spread in naïve populations is ca. 6 km year−1, and the mortality rate can be >95%. Tools for monitoring the disease include visual diagnosis, photographic traps, trained dogs, thermography, immunodiagnostics, molecular tools, radiocollars, and epidemiological modelling. Options for management include eradication, control, and prevention of the disease; biosecurity and prevention of spread to humans can be achieved by careful hygiene methods. Sarcoptic mange is a natural, biological factor controlling host population numbers and dynamics in Caprinae, so goals and strategies for its management in wild populations must be set accordingly. Specific management programmes for preventing and controlling sarcoptic mange in wild Caprinae populations must be based on reliable epidemiological data. More research is needed to provide evidence-based policies. The efficacy and safety of various management approaches remain to be tested experimentally.
Coinfection patterns in the ectoparasitic community affecting the Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica
(BMC (Springer-Nature), 2023-05) Fernández-Muñoz, María J.; Castillo-Contreras, Raquel; Pérez, Jesús M.; Granados, José E.; Márquez, Francisco J.; López-Montoya, Antonio J.
Background: Sarcoptic mange is one of the main parasitic diseases affecting Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica. Scabietic animals suffer a decline in body condition and reproductive fitness and in severe cases may die. Although several previous studies of the pathology of this disease and the physiological changes it produces in ibex have been carried out in recent years, our knowledge of the relationship between Sarcoptes scabiei and other ectoparasites of this host is still limited. Methods: We analysed 430 Iberian ibex skin samples. Ectoparasites were removed, counted and identified. Mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) numbers were obtained after digesting the skin samples in a 5% KOH solution. We modelled mite numbers in terms of host sex and age, site, year, season and the presence of other ectoparasites such as ticks and lice using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and ectoparasite co-occurrence patterns using two different models: the probabilistic model species co-occurrence and general linear latent variable model (GLLVM). Results: The ectoparasite community was mainly composed of S. scabiei, six ticks (Haemaphysalis sulcata, H. punctata, Rhipicephalus bursa, R. turanicus, Dermacentor marginatus and Ixodes ricinus) and two lice (Bovicola crassipes and Linognathus stenopsis). Adult male ibex harboured more mites than females. Mite numbers varied greatly spatially and seasonally and increased with the presence of other parasites. Some positive co-occurrence relationships between pairs of different ectoparasites were observed, particularly between ticks. The presence of S. scabiei negatively affected lice and H. sulcata numbers. Conclusions: Sarcoptic mange has spread above all in ibex populations in and around the Mediterranean Basin, where it is now found in almost a third of its host’s range. Mite numbers varied seasonally and spatially and were higher in male hosts. The presence of S. scabiei had a negative effect on lice numbers but favoured the presence of ticks.
Development of resistance to sarcoptic mange in ibex.
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2022-07) Pérez, Jesús M.; López-Montoya, Antonio J.; Cano_Manuel, Francisco J.; Soriguer, Ramón C.; Fandos, Paulino; Granados, José E.
Sarcoptic mange affects mammal host species worldwide and, particularly, wild Caprinae throughout much of Eurasia. In the Iberian Peninsula, several outbreaks of sarcoptic mange in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) have been reported since the 1980s. Using data from a period of long-term monitoring and a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA)-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model approach, we performed a time-series analysis of the monthly prevalence of sarcoptic mange in the Iberian ibex population in Sierra Nevada Natural Space (S Spain). In January 2003–March 2021, we documented a significant negative trend in sarcoptic mange prevalence, albeit with some interannual peaks. These findings can only be explained if a certain level of resistance to sarcoptic mange exists in hosts that, along with other factors, could provoke this reduced prevalence. Prevalence values varied seasonally, with maximum values in spring and minimum values at the end of summer, which may be due to factors linked to climate, host behavior, and endocrine activity. Our model predicts that the prevalence of sarcoptic mange in the Iberian ibex will continue to decrease over the next 2 years. Despite the inherent challenges involved, the diagnosing and monitoring of wildlife diseases remain a pivotal part of obtaining reliable epidemiological data and designing appropriate management strategies.
Epidemiology of Trichinella infection in wild boar from Spain and its impact on human health during the period 2006-2019.
(Elsevier, 2022-12) Moral-Moral, Sheila; Azorit, Concepción; López-Montoya, Antonio Jesús; Pérez-Jiménez, Jesús María
Trichinellosis is a notifiable zoonotic disease caused by parasitic nematode larvae belonging to genus Trichinella. Domestic pig and wild boar are important hosts within the natural cycle of T. spiralis, being the last one an animal whose populations have experienced an important growth. Therefore, this paper studies the prevalence of Trichinella infection in wild boar in Spain, as well as its relation with hunting bag and its impact on public health during the period 2006-2019. For this purpose, different sources of information were consulted and analyzed depending on autonomous communities of Spain and years. During the fourteen years of study, the number of wild boars hunted and the number of cases of Trichinella infection in them increased (from 172 cases in 2006 to 421 in 2019), although prevalence values remained low as the number of animals analyzed also increased. On the other hand, trichinellosis in humans tends to decrease (from a peak of 107 cases in 2007 to 11 cases in 2019). Nevertheless, both the number of wild boars and humans infected with Trichinella in Spain are among the highest in Europe, and this emphasizes the importance of food safety, sanitary controls of game meat and citizen awareness campaigns, which prevent Trichinella spreads through the human population.
How many threatened lice are there? An approximation to the red list of the Spanish Phthiraptera.
(Elsevier, 2024-04) Pérez, Jesús M.
Although the idea of conserving parasites as part of biodiversity is not new, these in general and lice in particular, are not included in the threatened list of invertebrate fauna. Assuming that the conservation status of a lice species is similar to that of its host, the number of threatened lice within the Spanish entomofauna was estimated based on the known host-lice assemblages. The lice parasitizing many of the Spanish birds and mammals are unknown. Overall, I found 6 extinct (EX) species; 4 critically endangered (CR); 15 endangered (EN), 7 vulnerable (VU) and 1 species near threatened (NT), at regional level. Since the status of hosts varies through time and space, it, (together with those of their lice, must be periodically updated. In addition to a number of reasons that justify the conservation of parasites, lice deserve being conserved, particularly, because of their scientific value.
In vitro acaricidal activity of several natural products against ibex-derived Sarcoptes scabiei.
(Elsevier, 2024-06) Pérez-Jiménez, Jesús María; Jesser, Emiliano Nicolás; Werdin, Jorge O.; Berry, Colin; Gebely, Mohamed A.; Crespo-Ginés, Raquel; Granados, José Enrique; López-Montoya, Antonio Jesús
In this study we analysed the effect of the temperature, diverse strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, Lysinibacillus sphaericus and nanoformulations with essential plant oils (EONP) on the survival of Sarcoptes scabiei mites derived from naturally-infested Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). In general, mites maintained at 12ºC survived more than those maintained at 35ºC (40.7 hr and 31.2 hr, respectively). Mites with no treatment survived 27.6 h on average. Mites treated with B. thuringiensis serovar. konkukian and geranium EONP showed significant reduction in their survival. Despite the fact that these agents seem to be promising candidates for controlling sarcoptic mange in the field, further research is still needed to get stable, efficient and eco-friendly acaricides.

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Examinando DBABVE-Artículos por Materia "2401.12 Parasitología Animal"