Examinando por Autor "Terrados-Cepeda, Julio"
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Ítem Energy Recovery from Polymeric 3D Printing Waste and Olive Pomace Mixtures via Thermal Gasification—Effect of Temperature(MDPI, 2023-02) Diaz-Perete, Daniel; Hermoso-Orzaez, Manuel Jesus; Carmo-Calado, Luis; Martin-Doñate, Cristina; Terrados-Cepeda, JulioOne of the polymeric materials used in the most common 3D printers is poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol (PETG). It represents, in world terms, around 2.3% of polymeric raw material used in additive manufacturing. However, after processing this material, its properties change irreversibly. A significant amount of waste is produced around the world, and its disposal is usually destined for landfill or incineration, which can generate an important issue due to the high environmental risks. Polymer waste from 3D printing, hereinafter 3DPPW, has a relatively high calorific value and adequate characteristics to be valued in thermochemical processes. Gasification emerges as an innovative and alternative solution for recovering energy from 3DPPW, mixed with residues of lignocellulosic origin, and presents some environmental advantages compared to other types of thermochemical treatments, since the gasification process releases smaller amounts of NOx into the atmosphere, SOx, and CO2. In the case of the study, co-gasification of olive pomace (OLB) was carried out with small additions of 3DPPW (10% and 20%) at different temperatures. Comparing the different gasifications (100% OLB, 90% OLB + 10% 3DPPW, 80% OLB + 20% 3DPPW), the best results for the synthesis gas were obtained for the mixture of 10% 3DPPW and 90% olive pomace (OLB), having a lower calorific value of 6.16 MJ/m(3), synthesis gas yield of 3.19%, and cold gas efficiency of 87.85% for a gasification temperature of 750 degrees C. In addition, the results demonstrate that the addition of 3DPPW improved the quality of syngas, especially between temperatures of 750 and 850 degrees C. Including polymeric 3D printing materials in the context of the circular economy and extending their life cycle helps to improve the efficiency of subsequent industrial processes, reducing process costs in general, thanks to the new industrial value acquired by the generated by-products.Ítem How much solar PV, wind and biomass energy could be implemented in short-term? A multi-criteria GIS-based approach applied to the province of Jaén, Spain(Elsevier, 2022-05) Osorio-Aravena, Juan Carlos; Rodríguez-Segura, Francisco Javier; Frolova, Marina; Terrados-Cepeda, Julio; Muñoz-Cerón, EmilioThe progress made in the penetration of renewable energy (RE) sources in most parts of the world is not fast enough for achieving the international climate mitigation targets. Furthermore, there is a lack of energy planning strategies, methods and tools for assessing the implementation of RE technologies which considers the social support. In this work, we present a replicable multi-criteria spatial approach based on geographical information system to estimate the potential of solar photovoltaic (PV), wind and biomass energy technologies that could be implemented in the short-term in a given territory. This potential includes environmental, technical (with economic attributes) and geographical (with social-acceptability attributes) constraints, together with existing local power plants considerations for calculating the electricity generation by technology, and then estimating its jobs creation and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The approach was applied to the province of Jaén (Southern Spain), which has a pronounced unbalance between its inner electricity production and consumption and apparently is a territory with great technical potential for the aforementioned technologies. Results show that this province has a short-term implementable potential that would annually produce 8.9 TWh from solar PV, 911 GWh from wind energy and 683 GWh from biomass plants; which is 3.8 times greater than the current electricity consumption and would require 1.5% of the total surface of Jaén. This potential can create about 92,800 direct jobs and avoid the emissions of 3.78–8.61 MtCO2 to the atmosphere. The proposed approach can be useful for energy planning processes and for allowing decision-making to accelerate the implementation of RE power plants in order to achieve the climate mitigation goals.Ítem Social acceptance of renewable energy development in southern Spain: Exploring tendencies, locations, criteria and situations(Elsevier, 2023-02) Rodríguez-Segura, Francisco Javier; Osorio-Aravena, Juan Carlos; Frolova, Marina; Terrados-Cepeda, Julio; Muñoz-Cerón, EmilioAlthough, in general, there is a high level of public acceptance of renewable energies (RE) in Spain, at a local scale, protests and campaigns against RE projects are becoming increasingly frequent. In order to identify the factors that most influence the acceptance/rejection of renewable electricity generation technologies (photovoltaic, wind and biomass) at a local level, in this study we conducted a structured survey of the population of the province of Jaén in southern Spain. The analysis of the results of the questionnaire reveals that the social acceptance of RE plants is influenced by their location and size, and identifies the main criteria and situations that people take into consideration when deciding whether to support or reject RE projects. Although the results suggest that all RE technologies are widely accepted, they also highlight a preference for photovoltaic energy and for medium-sized plants in sites with low natural value. This article provides information and recommendations to facilitate the drafting of policies, plans and future studies that will enable social barriers to the implementation of RE technologies to be reduced, so helping accelerate the energy transition that is required in order for agreed climate targets to be met.Ítem Spatial Energy Planning: A Review(MDPI, 2020-10-15) Osorio-Aravena, Juan Carlos; Frolova, Marina; Terrados-Cepeda, Julio; Muñoz-Cerón, EmilioDespite the fact that some renewable energy (RE) technologies are already techno-economically viable, the high spatial dilution nature of their sources, together with aspects beyond the techno-economic ones (such as environmental, social, cultural, and other aspects), can become strong constraints and barriers when it comes to their integration into electric systems. Therefore, with the objective of determining whether studies on spatial energy planning (SEP) are addressing these issues, a systematic review has been carried out to address whether SEP studies are considering aspects beyond the techno-economic ones when integrating RE technologies and, if they are being considered, how they are addressed in their analyses and what criteria, factors, and indicators of the aspects that are employed. Apart from the revelation that the concept of SEP has been included within high-quality scientific literature for less than ten years, SEP seems to be an unexploited tool with the potential to provide significant insight into a planning process that could prevent conflicts when integrating RE technologies into electric systems. This would be useful for decision-makers and for accelerating a sustainable energy transition.Ítem WEEE polymers valorization, its use as fuel in the gasification process and revaluation of the inert by-products obtained: Sustainable mortars as a solution(Cell Press, 2023-09) Diaz-Perete , Daniel; Hermoso-Orzaez, Manuel Jesus; Terrados-Cepeda, Julio; Silva-Romano, Pedro; Martin-Doñate, CristinaThe global production of polymer materials has exploded in the last few decades. Their mechanical properties, erosion and corrosion resistance, good performance as insulation materials, and their ease and flexibility of manufacturing have made polymers one of the most widely used materials in the industry and in daily life. Several institutions and governments are beginning to raise serious environmental and ecological concerns with international impact soon, due to the increasing level of polymer production, which does not seem to be slowing down. It is necessary for the scientific community to make efforts in the development and evaluation of new methodologies to enable the inclusion of these types of materials in the circular economy of various production sectors. This is important in order to reduce the ecological impact caused by the current global production level of polymers. One of the most used methods for the recovery of polymeric materials is energy valorization through thermochemical processes. An example of this is thermal gasification using fuels composed of biomass and a mixture of polymeric waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Through this thermochemical process, high-energy value synthesis gas, with a high concentration of hydrogen, is obtained on one hand, while waste products in the form of chars, ashes and slag are generated on the other hand. This manuscript presents a detailed study methodology that begins with chemical analysis of the raw material and includes subsequent analysis of mechanical results for the revaluation of these residual inert by-products, using them as partial substitutes in cement clinker to produce building mortars. This described methodology influences directly in the LCC (Life Cycle Costing) of final designed products in plastic and extend material life cycle Plastic materials are here to stay, so the study and optimization of polymer waste recovery processes are vital in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the European Union in terms of efficiency and sustainability. It is also the only possible way to create an environmentally sustainable future world for future generations. After applying the described methodology, the mechanical test results show that the modified mortars exhibit established behaviour during the hardening time and similar strength growth compared to commercial mortars. The maximum mechanical strengths achieved,including compressive and flexural strength, make modified mortars a viable choice for several applications in the civil engineering sector.