Examinando por Autor "Rosas, Juan M."
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Ítem Context switch effects and Context Experience in Rats’ Conditioned Taste Aversion(Universidad de Valencia, 2012) León, Samuel P.; Callejas-Aguilera, José E.; Rosas, Juan M.Context specificity of rats’ conditioned taste aversion as a function of context experience was assessed in two experiments. Rats received a single pairing between a flavor X and a LiCl injection in a distinctive context (context A) being subsequently tested either in the same context or in a different but equally familiar context (context B). Experiment 1 found that the context change attenuated aversion to X when contexts were new at the time of conditioning. No effect of context change was found when rats had experience with the contexts before conditioning. Experiment 2 found that consumption was lower in the context of conditioning than in the alternative context, regardless of whether the stimulus was conditioned or not, suggesting that contexts exert their control through direct context-outcome associations in this situation.Ítem Data Management Plan -Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities -(2024-01-22) Rosas, Juan M.; Callejas-Aguilera, José E.; Nelson, James B.; Sanjuan, María C.This DMP aims to make the data from the studies conducted in the research project "Precursors, Mechanisms, and Individual Differences in Contextual Control (PMIDCC)” with Ref.: 2709149399-149399-4-823, available to the public for reuse with scientific purposes. The data access is open. In general terms, this DMP aligns with the "FAIR" principles, meaning that the data is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable.Ítem Mechanisms of Contextual Control when Contexts are Informative to Solve the Task(Cambridge University Press, 2012) León, Samuel P.; Gámez, Matías A.; Rosas, Juan M.An experiment was conducted using a human instrumental learning task with the goal of evaluating the mechanisms underlying the deleterious effect of context-switching on responding to an unambiguous stimulus when contexts are informative to solve the task. Participants were trained in a context-based reversal discrimination in which two discriminative stimuli (X and Y) interchange their meaning across contexts A and B. In context A, discriminative stimulus Z consistently announced that the relationship between a specific instrumental response (R1) and a specific outcome (O1) was in effect. Performance in the presence of stimulus Z was equally deteriorated when the test was conducted outside the training context, regardless of whether the test context was familiar (context B) or new (context C). This result is consistent with the idea that participants code all the information presented in an informative context as context-specific with the context playing a role akin to an occasion setter.Ítem Of Rats and People: A Select Comparative Analysis of Cue Competition, the Contents of Learning, and Retrieval(Asociación de Análisis del Comportamiento (AAC), 2017) Rosas, Juan M.; Gámez, Matías A.; León, Samuel P.; González-Tirado, Gabriel; Nelson, Byron J.Select literature regarding cue competition, the contents of learning, and retrieval processes is summarized to demonstrate parallels and differences between human and nonhuman associative learning. Competition phenomena such as blocking, overshadowing, and relative predictive validity are largely analogous in animal and human learning. In general, strong parallels are found in the associative structures established during learning, as well as in the basic phenomena associated with information retrieval. Some differences arise too, such as retrospective evaluation, which seems easier to observe in human than in nonhuman animals. However, the parallels are sufcient to indicate that the study of learning in animals continues to be relevant to human learning and memory.Ítem Roles of context in acquisition of human instrumental learning: Implications for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying context-switch effects(Springer, 2017) Gámez, Matías A.; León, Samuel P.; Rosas, Juan M.Four experiments in human instrumental learning explored the associations involving the context that develop after three trials of training on simple discriminations. Experiments 1 and 4 found a deleterious effect of switching the learning context that cannot be explained by the context-outcome binary associations commonly used to explain context-switch effects after short training in human predictive learning and in animal Pavlovian conditioning. Evidence for context-outcome (Experiment 2), context-discriminative stimulus (Experiment 3), and context-instrumental response (Experiment 4) binary associations was found within the same training paradigm, suggesting that contexts became associated with all the elements of the situation, regardless of whether those associations played a role in a specific context-switch effect detected on performance.Ítem The state of transfer of stimulus control after extinction in human instrumental conditioning: A key factor in therapy strategies based in nonhuman animal research(Canadian Psychological Association, 2020) Gámez, Matías A.; León, Samuel P.; Moreno-Fernández, María Manuela; Rosas, Juan M.Previous research has shown that instrumental training can encourage the formation of binary associations between the representations of the elements present at the time of learning, that is, between the discriminative stimulus and the instrumental response (the S–R association), between the stimulus and outcome (the S–O association), and between the response and outcome (the R–O association). Studies with rats have used transfer procedures to explore the effects of discriminative extinction (i.e., extinction that is carried out in the presence of the discriminative stimuli) on these three binary associations. Thus, a reduction in the response rate of the extinguished response (R) can be detected in situations involving a different discriminative stimulus that was associated with the same outcome, and to unextinguished responses controlled by the discriminative stimulus (S) and associated with the outcome (O). These transfer effects suggest that R-O and S-O associations remain active after extinction in non-human animals. We carried out an experiment to explore these post-extinction transfer effects in humans using a within-subject design. Contrary to non-human reports, the S-O association was affected by discriminative extinction, suggesting differences in the associative structure of instrumental conditioning in human and nonhuman animals that should be considered by those therapeutic strategies based in nonhuman animal research aimed to reduce unhealthy instrumental behaviors in human beings.