Examinando por Autor "Romero-Pulido, Inmaculada"
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Ítem Hepatopreventive properties of hydroxytyrosol and mannitol-rich extracts obtained from exhausted olive pomace using green extraction methods(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022-12-25) Contreras, María del Mar; Gómez -Cruz, Irene; Feriani, Anouar; Alwasel, Saleh; Harrath, Abdel Halim; Romero-Pulido, Inmaculada; Castro-Galiano, Eulogio; Tlili, NizarExhausted olive pomace (EOP) is produced in olive-pomace oil extractors as a by-product. However, the obtention of bioactive compounds from EOP can reinsert it into the economy as a new bioresource before applying other exploitation ways. The objective of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical differences between aqueous and aqueous acetonic extracts from EOP (AE-EOP and AAE-EOP, respectively) obtained by hydrothermal and ultrasound-assisted extraction, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activities and the in vivo hepatopreventive potential were evaluated. Using RP-HPLC–ESI–QTOF– MS, the chemical profile revealed that AE-EOP and AAE-EOP showed similar qualitative profiles, with some quantitative differences. Hydroxytyrosol and mannitol were the major compounds of the extracts. The investigation of antioxidant properties in vitro highlighted that AE-EOP was slightly more efficient in scavenging DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide radicals, when compared to AAE-EOP. Additionally, AE-EOP and AAE-EOP showed dose-dependent suppressive effects on pancreatic lipase activity. In vivo studies showed that AE-EOP and AAE-EOP presented interesting hepatopreventive capacities against CCl4 induced liver injury, as evidenced by (i) the preventive effects against DNA damage, (ii) the normalised hepatic biomarker parameters (ALT, AST, GGT, and LDH) and (iii) the normalised lipid profile (LDL-C, TC, TG, and HDL-C) through diminishing their levels, (iv) which was supported by Oil Red O analysis. Furthermore, AE-EOP and AAE-EOP reduced the oxidative stress in liver tissue by inhibiting lipid peroxidation together with the enhancement of the hepatic antioxidant activities (CAT, SOD and GPx) and GSH content. Additionally, AE-EOP and AAE-EOP exhibited an antifibrotic effect, which was clearly demonstrated by the histopathological examination using Picrosirius red staining. The obtained results support the use of EOP extracts in industries without further purification as antioxidants and against free radical induced damage.Ítem High Solids Loading Pretreatment of Olive Tree Pruning with Dilute Phosphoric Acid for Bioethanol Production by Escherichia coli(American Chemical Society, 2015-02-26) Martínez-Patiño, José Carlos; Romero-García, Juan Miguel; Ruiz-Ramos, Encarnación; Oliva, José Miguel; Álvarez-Vaquerizo, Cristina; Romero-Pulido, Inmaculada; Negro, María José; Castro-Galiano, EulogioThis paper deals with a new approach for using olive tree pruning biomass as raw material for ethanol and other chemical production. This process includes a water extraction step, followed by a high solids loading dilute phosphoric acid pretreatment and an ethanologenic Escherichia coli fermentation for the conversion of all of the sugars released. Results show that the operational conditions leading to the maximal hemicelullosic sugar recovery in the liquid fraction (near 70%) are 170 °C and 0.5% (w/v) phosphoric acid concentration. The fermentation of the mixed sugars found in the detoxified prehydrolysates by ethanologenic E. coli MS04 led to an ethanol concentration of 23 g/L and an ethanol yield of 0.46 g of ethanol/g of sugars consumed. When the ethanol production from the pretreated solids after enzymatic hydrolysis is also taken into account, 13.2 g of ethanol/100 g of original material was obtained. The production of other interesting compounds is also considered.Ítem Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of biomass from olive trees using response surface methodology(Elsevier, 2019) Martínez-Patiño, José Carlos; Gullón, Beatriz; Romero-Pulido, Inmaculada; Ruiz-Ramos, Encarnación; Brnčić, Mladen; Žlabur, Jana Šic; Castro-Galiano, EulogioOlive tree pruning biomass (OTP) and olive mill leaves (OML) are the main residual lignocellulosic biomasses that are generated from olive trees. They have been proposed as a source of value-added compounds and biofuels within the biorefinery concept. In this work, the optimization of an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process was performed to extract antioxidant compounds present in OTP and OML. The effect of the three parameters, ethanol/water ratio (20, 50, 80% of ethanol concentration), amplitude percentage (30, 50, 70%) and ultrasonication time (5, 10, 15 min), on the responses of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) were evaluated following a Box–Behnken experimental design. The optimal conditions obtained from the model, taking into account simultaneously the five responses, were quite similar for OTP and OML, with 70% amplitude and 15 min for both biomasses and a slight difference in the optimum concentration of ethanol. (54.5% versus 51.3% for OTP and OML, respectively). When comparing the antioxidant activities obtained with OTP and OML, higher values were obtained for OML (around 40% more than for OTP). The antioxidant activities reached experimentally under the optimized conditions were 31.6 mg of TE/g of OTP and 42.5 mg of TE/g of OML with the DPPH method, 66.5 mg of TE/g of OTP and 95.9 mg of TE/g of OML with the ABTS method, and 36.4 mg of TE/g of OTP and 49.7 mg of TE/g of OML with the FRAP method. Both OTP and OML could be a potential source of natural antioxidants.Ítem Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction as a First Step in a Biorefinery Strategy for Valorisation of Extracted Olive Pomace(MDPI, 2019-07-12) Martínez-Patiño, José Carlos; Gómez-Cruz, Irene; Romero-Pulido, Inmaculada; Gullón, Beatriz; Ruiz-Ramos, Encarnación; Brnčić, Mladen; Castro-Galiano, EulogioCurrently, interest in finding new feedstock as sources of natural food antioxidants is growing. The extracted olive pomace (EOP), which is an agro-industrial residue from the olive pomace extracting industries, is generated yearly in big amounts, mainly in the Mediterranean countries. EOP was subjected to an ultrasound assisted extraction with ethanol-water mixtures. The effect of main parameters, such as ethanol concentration (30–70% v/v), ultrasound amplitude (20–80%), and extraction time (5–15 min), on the extraction of antioxidant compounds was evaluated according to a Box–Behnken experimental design. The antioxidant capacity of the resulting extracts was determined by measuring their content in total phenolic compounds (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC), as well as their antioxidant activity by DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ABTS assays. Considering the simultaneous maximization of these five responses, the optimal conditions were found to be 43.2% ethanol concentration, 70% amplitude, and 15 min. The ultrasound assisted extraction of EOP under these optimized conditions yielded an extract with a phenolic and flavonoid content (per gram of EOP) of 57.5 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 126.9 mg rutin equivalent (RE), respectively. Likewise, the values for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay (per gram of EOP) of 56.7, 139.1, and 64.9 mg Trolox equivalent, respectively were determined in the optimized extract.