Examinando por Autor "Montalvo-Gil, Juan Manuel"
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Ítem A New Method for Quantifying the Asymmetry of Biological Elements by Means of a Photogrammetric Technique Using a Parametric Computer-Aided Design System(MDPI, 2022-11-02) Montalvo-Gil, Juan Manuel; Azorit, Concepción; Valderrama-Zafra, José Manuel; Rubio-Paramio, Miguel ÁngelIn the area of zoology, it is of great interest to determine the degree of asymmetry existing in the different animal structures in order to establish it as a variable (biomarker). In this study, a new methodology is proposed for obtaining this variable ‘Asymmetry Index.’ Forty-eight Ibe-rian red deer antlers (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) from hunting reserves in the province of Jaen (Spain) have been used. The degree of asymmetry of their antlers between homologous points considered in the two right and left sides of each antler was obtained. The methodology is ap-plied within a parametric Computer-Aided Design system from the photogrammetric restitu-tion of the antler from two photographs. The procedure compares the degree of asymmetry in which the points of each of the right and left sides of the antler are found by means of lengths and angles with respect to an established reference plane based on the geometry of the speci-men’s skull. As a result of the study, it has been observed that the Asymmetry Index obtained is lower in those specimens that have a high score in their hunting valuation, so it is considered that this factor can be taken into account as an objective and quantifiable indicator (biomarker).Ítem A new methodology, based on a CAD system, for evaluating partial and global asymmetries in deer antlers from hunting quality assessment data(MDPI, 2024-06-22) Montalvo-Gil, Juan Manuel; Azorit, Concepción; García-Molina, Diego Francisco; Valderrama-Zafra, José Manuel; Rubio-Paramio, Miguel ÁngelIn the field of biology, the "biomarkers" of the different animal species are of great relevance, as well as the relationships between them and with the quality of the habitat. A study has been proposed, analysing the antlers of the Iberian deer, to measure the bilateral asymmetry of its branches. The antlers are characterised in a CAD 3D-model of their axial structure obtained by photogrammetric restitution from two photographs. This method quantifies the global and par-tial asymmetries of the antler's structural features. The research evaluated 48 deer antlers from hunting days and taxidermy workshops. To quantify asymmetries, the measurements required are the same as those considered to assess the hunting quality of antlers. Bilateral deviations are estimated for each structural trait and for the whole antler. Preliminary results showed a con-vergence between the values of global asymmetry and hunting quality. The methodology proved to be fast, inexpensive and easy to implement, which facilitates its use in future asym-metry studies of other biological elements of animal or plant origin. It is only necessary that the starting data, the bilateral axial structure of the analysed element, is characterised in a 3D-model.Ítem An interactive photogrammetric method for assessing deer antler quality using a parametric Computer-Aided Design system (Interactive Photogrammetric Measure Method)(ELSEVIER, 2016-07-19) Rubio-Paramio, Miguel Ángel; Montalvo-Gil, Juan Manuel; Ramírez-Garrido, José Alberto; Martínez-Salmerón, Débora; Azorit, ConcepciónIn the area of deer antler evaluation for trophy homologation, as well as in the obtaining of biometric databases for later analysis in the field of Geometric Morphometrics, different linear biometric tools have traditionally been used. In this study we used two sets of antlers from 29 Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) to develop and establish a new photogrammetric technique which creates the 3D model of the antler using a parametric 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD). This simple and reliable method for deer hunting trophy homologation was compared with the other two more extensively used methods of antler measurement, the traditional measuring tape and the Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine (AACMM or CMA). The advantage of this innovative photogrammetric method is the use of only two photographs to obtain both the 3D model and the dimensions required for antler evaluation. A procedure was performed to compare lengths and antler evaluation as hunting trophy. The three methods showed similar reliability, although the photogrammetric process using the 3D CAD system was much faster and more functional than both the traditional measuring tape and Articulated Arm methods. Since this method only requires two photographs per individual, it makes possible the study of a high percentage of antlers in the field. This new photogrammetric method has been successfully used in the biometrics area, but it could become a more extensively used method in this and other fields because of its ease of operation, speed and accuracy of data collection.Ítem Comprehensive design of the 3D printing process for architectural models. A case study: the medieval walled enclosure of Priego De Cordoba (E1:200)(Springer, 2024-03-26) García-Molina, Diego Francisco; Carmona-Ávila, Rafael; Montalvo-Gil, Juan Manuel; Rubio-Paramio, Miguel ÁngelNowadays, an object can be viewed both physically and virtually. In both cases, the visualization process consists in a continuous variation of the observer’s perspective. When looking at objects, visual interactivity is achieved by the tandem formed by human vision and the position of the observer. 3D technology allows the viewer to delve into this aspect: starting from a virtual reconstruction. It is possible to go from the virtual 3D reconstruction of a model shown on a display to a real element materialized by means of a scale model or prototype. The innovation of this research lies in the development of an efficient method for printing 3D models, with a specific emphasis on material and time savings. This study aims to obtain the three-dimensional physical model of the walled enclosure of the city of Priego de Córdoba in the Middle Ages, at its time of greatest historical development, i.e., in the late 15th century. To this end, 3D printing technology was applied, which is an innovative method for the realization of architectural scale models. The performance of 3D printers, with different printing formats, was evaluated in terms of efficiency and quality of the architectural scale models. Our theoretical assumption showed that material saving is determined by the orography slopes of the model. Obtaining slopes with values in the range of 1–5%, a large format printer is the most suitable option; in the range of 5–15%, the medium format printer is recommended; and, for a slope greater than 15%, the small format printer should be used.Ítem Comprehensive design of the 3D printing process for architectural models. A case study: the medieval walled enclosure of Priego De Cordoba (E1:200)(SPRINGER NATURE, 2024-03-26) García-Molina, Diego Francisco; Carmona-Ávila, Rafael; Montalvo-Gil, Juan Manuel; Rubio-Paramio, Miguel ÁngelNowadays, an object can be viewed both physically and virtually. In both cases, the visualization process consists in a continuous variation of the observer’s perspective. When looking at objects, visual interactivity is achieved by the tandem formed by human vision and the position of the observer. 3D technology allows the viewer to delve into this aspect: starting from a virtual reconstruction. It is possible to go from the virtual 3D reconstruction of a model shown on a display to a real element materialized by means of a scale model or prototype. The innovation of this research lies in the development of an efficient method for printing 3D models, with a specific emphasis on material and time savings. This study aims to obtain the three-dimensional physical model of the walled enclosure of the city of Priego de Córdoba in the Middle Ages, at its time of greatest historical development, i.e., in the late 15th century. To this end, 3D printing technology was applied, which is an innovative method for the realization of architectural scale models. The performance of 3D printers, with different printing formats, was evaluated in terms of efficiency and quality of the architectural scale models. Our theoretical assumption showed that material saving is determined by the orography slopes of the model. Obtaining slopes with values in the range of 1–5%, a large format printer is the most suitable option; in the range of 5–15%, the medium format printer is recommended; and, for a slope greater than 15%, the small format printer should be used.Ítem Metodología Fotogramétrica integrada en un sistema CAD paramétrico y aplicaciones en el ámbito de la Biología Animal(2024-09-27) Montalvo-Gil, Juan Manuel; Azorit, Concepción; Rubio-Paramio, Miguel Ángel; Universidad de Jaén. Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y EcologíaLa investigación se basa en la propuesta de metodologías y procedimientos que permitan realizar análisis biológicos, en formato digital, destinados a cuantificar variables y biomarcadores en la cuerna de cérvidos, ciervos y gamos. A partir de dichos resultados se podrán realizar otros estudios posteriores en base a determinar las causas y factores de influencia. Las cuernas analizadas proceden de jornadas de caza y de trofeos de talleres de taxidermia. Éstas se caracterizan en forma de modelo-3D de tipo ‘axial’ aplicando una técnica de restitución fotogramétrica. La cuerna del gamo se representa en forma de modelo-3D ‘sólido’ aplicando varias tecnologías. Se realiza un estudio para determinar la precisión de los modelos-3D obtenidos. Posteriormente se implementan las caracterizaciones digitales de la cuerna en aplicaciones biológicas en base a, cuantificar el grado de calidad cinegética, de asimetrías, global y parciales para los rasgos estructurales de la cuerna, y de volumen. The research is based on the proposal of methodologies and procedures to carry out biological analyses, in digital format, aimed at quantifying variables and biomarkers in the antlers of cervids, deer and fallow deer. Based on these results, further studies can be carried out to determine the causes and influencing factors. The antlers analysed come from hunting days and trophies from taxidermy workshops. They are characterised in the form of an 'axial' 3D-model using a photogrammetric restitution technique. The antler of the fallow deer is represented as a 'solid' 3D-model using various technologies. A study is carried out to determine the accuracy of the 3D models obtained. Subsequently, digital characterisations of the antler are implemented in biological applications based on the quantification of the degree of hunting quality, asymmetries, global and partial asymmetries for the structural traits of the antler, and volume.Ítem Modelado Tridimensional y Análisis Funcional de una Cabria para la extracción del mineral(DYNA INGENIERÍA E INDUSTRIA, 2013-07-27) Rojas-Sola, José Ignacio; Montalvo-Gil, Juan Manuel; Castro-García, MiguelEn el presente artículo se analiza en detalle un ejemplo del patrimonio industrial minero del antiguo distrito minero de Linares-La Carolina (Jaén, España), como es una cabria de mampostería con su castillete metálico, utilizada en la extracción del mineral de plomo, concretamente de galena o sulfuro de plomo. En particular, se ha realizado el modelado tridimensional con ayuda de software paramétrico gracias a técnicas empíricas de cada uno de los elementos que componen el conjunto. Asimismo, una vez obtenido el modelo 3D, se ha realizado un análisis funcional mediante técnicas de Ingeniería Asistida por Ordenador, basadas en el análisis tensional y el análisis de desplazamientos, comprobando que las mayores concentraciones de tensiones se producen en la parte media e inferior de los muros, que los mayores valores de tensión se producen en los alrededores de los huecos de los muros, y que la mayor concentración de desplazamientos de la cabria de mampostería se encuentran en los muros en la parte media y superior, y del castillete en las correas de la cubierta.Ítem Optimization of Modeling and 3D Printing of Architectural Elements in Historical Buildings Through the Systematization of Boolean Solid Operations(SPRINGER NATURE, 2023-02-14) García-Molina, Diego Francisco; Valderrama-Zafra, José Manuel; Montalvo-Gil, Juan Manuel; Rubio-Paramio, Miguel ÁngelEn ciertas ocasiones se encuentran modelos 3D que solo por visualizarse en la pantalla de un ordenador se cree que se puede imprimir en 3D. Para que realmente pueda ser así, cuando se diseña una pieza, hay que tener en cuenta que nuestro modelo ha de ser sólido y ha de estar completamente cerrado. El presente trabajo de investigación consiste en el modelado 3D tanto del exterior como del interior de la Torre del Homenaje de Priego de Córdoba. Dada la complejidad que posee el interior del citado modelo 3D se propone diseñar el interior de la torre como si fuese un molde 3D virtual en positivo y tras aplicar operaciones booleanas restar el citado molde 3D virtual al exterior de la torre. El objetivo consiste en conseguir un modelo 3D imprimible y realizar un análisis variando los modos de impresión.Ítem Three 3D graphics engineering technologies for fallow deer antlers characterization in ecology and management approaches(SPRINGER NATURE, 2024-12-03) Montalvo-Gil, Juan Manuel; Azorit, Concepción; García-Molina, Diego Francisco; Valderrama-Zafra, José Manuel; Rubio-Paramio, Miguel ÁngelNumerous studies focus on creating 3D-models of biological elements for geometric evaluation using CAD tools. A crucial aspect is to obtain accurate geometrical data that is easy to obtain and cost-effective for analysis. The main objective is to evaluate the geometrical accuracy of 3D-models obtained with three graphical techniques of three-dimensional geometrical documentation that characterise the fallow deer antlers in an accurate 3D-model, which is used as input data in biological analyses estimating hunting quality, asymmetry and volume. Three technologies are evaluated: structured light scanning, multi-image photogrammetry (SfM), Structure from Motion, and spatial photogrammetric restitution using two photographs in a CAD system. The geometric accuracy of the 3D-models obtained and the deviation between relevant points of the antler structure, in the main beam, in the main tines and palm, are estimated. Subsequently, the suitability of each 3D-model is studied according to the type of biological application for which it is intended. Based on the results, solid and axial 3D-models, the applicability of the three techniques for the study of biological parameters such as hunting quality, asymmetry and volume is discussed. It concludes on the most appropriate procedure to define the digital characterisation of the antler, depending on the type of biological study to be carried out in order to obtain accurate results. Characterising a geometrically complex structure such as the fallow deer antler in a 3D-model quickly and accurately can help to quantify various biomarkers in populations of specimens, making it possible to infer internal and external influencing factors.