Examinando por Autor "Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel"
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Ítem Association between the Sociodemographic Characteristics of Parents with Health-Related and Lifestyle Markers of Children in Three Different Spanish-Speaking Countries: An Inter-Continental Study at OECD Country Level(MDPI, 2021-07-31) Álvarez-Lepín, Cristian; Guzmán-Guzmán, Iris Paola; Latorre-Román, Pedro Ángel; Párraga, Juan Antonio; Palomino, Constanza; Reyes-Oyola, Felipe Augusto; Paredes-Arévalo, Lorena; Leal-Oyarzún, Marlys; Obando, Isabel; Cresp, Mauricio; Machuca, Claudia; Peña-Troncoso, Sebastián; Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel; Delgado-Floody, PedroThe purpose of this cross-cultural study was to determine the association between the sociodemographic background of a child’s parents (i.e., their socioeconomic level, marital status, and educational level) with the child’s lifestyle (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST)), and health markers. Material: This cross-sectional study included 1273 children, from Chile (n = 496), Colombia (n = 340), and Spain (n = 437). The sociodemographic information together with the lifestyle and health markers of the children were measured. There was an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level for the parents of Chilean children and handgrip strength (β −0.61, p < 0.001); meanwhile, for Spanish children, an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level and PA after school (β −0.58, p = 0.016), lifestyle (β −0.74, p = 0.015), and with MD adherence (β −0.86, p = 0.004) was found. The risk (i.e., by odd ratios (OR)) of being divorced/separated parents marital status showed an inverse association with abdominal obesity (OR 0.21, p = 0.045) in Spanish children; however, the parent’s marital status and a low educational level were risk factors for the suffering of a low nutritional level in Colombian children (OR 2.02, p = 0.048; OR 2.49, p < 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, a low educational level for parents reported for Chilean children had a positive association with ST of ≥4 h per day (OR 1.82, p = 0.020). In conclusion, in Spanish-speaking children, the lifestyle and health markers of the children are affected by the sociodemographic background of their parents; however, these effects could be moderated by the socio-cultural and economic status of their countries as members of the OCDE; therefore, it is essential to develop policies that decrease these gaps, so that children who are under-resourced can reach their full potential.Ítem Response of obese schoolchildren to high-intensity interval training applied in the school context(Sociedad Española de Edocrinología y Nutrición, 2019) Espinoza-Silva, José Miguel; Latorre-Román, Pedro Ángel; Párraga, Juan Antonio; Caamaño, Felipe; Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel; Delgado-Floody, PedroBackground: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been widely used to fight cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and adults, but no data are available on its applicability in children. Objective: To assess the effects of HIIT on different anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters of overweight and obese children aged 7---9 years. Subjects and methods: Four groups were formed: 1) an overweight control group (OWCG, n = 30, BMI = 21.60 ± 3.72 kg/m2), 2) an obesity control group (OCG, n =34, BMI = 23.92)±3.11 kg/m2), 3) an overweight intervention group (OWIG, n = 69, BMI = 20.01±1.88 kg/m2), and 4) an obesity intervention group (OIG, n = 141, BMI = 24.12±2.66 kg/m2). BMI, body fat (BF), waist circumference, height-waist ratio, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, were assessed before and after intervention. Results: There were significant differences in BMI (P < 0.001), BF (P < 0.001), and CRF (P < 0.001) between the groups (control vs intervention) before and after intervention (OWCG vs OWIG and OCG vs OIG). BMI decreased in the OWIG (BMI, 20.01±1.88 at baseline vs 19.00±2.02 after HIIT, P < 0.001) and OIG (BMI, 24.12±2.66 at baseline vs 23.23±3.23 after HIIT, P < 0.001) groups. Similarly, BF decreased in the OWIG (BF, 21.84±4.97 at baseline vs 19.55±4.81 % after HIIT, P < 0.001) and OIG (BF, 30.26 ±11.49 at baseline vs 26.81±6.80 % after HIIT, P < 0.001) groups. CRF improved in both intervention groups (P < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the prevalence rate of schoolchildren with obesity (from 66.4% to 49.6%) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The intervention conducted in the school setting improved the anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters of schoolchildren, and also allowed for reducing the proportion of schoolchildren with obesity.Ítem Selective Attention and Concentration Are Related to Lifestyle in Chilean Schoolchildren(MDPI, 2021-09-27) Caamaño, Felipe; Latorre-Román, Pedro Ángel; Párraga, Juan Antonio; Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel; Delgado-Floody, PedroThe objective of this investigation was to determine the association between selective attention and concentration with physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), VO2max, the standing long jump test (SLJ) and handgrip muscle strength (HGS)), lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA) level, screen time (ST), sleep duration and food habits) and anthropometric measures (i.e., body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)) among Chilean schoolchildren. Two hundred and forty-eight schoolchildren (137 boys, 111 girls, 11.80 ± 1.17 and 11.58 ± 1.09 years, respectively) participated. Selective attention, concentration and lifestyle (PA, ST, sleep duration and Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence) were determined using a standard questionnaire. CRF, SLJ, HGS and anthropometric indicators (BMI and WC) were also measured. Selective attention showed a positive association with MD adherence score (β; 5.012, p = p < 0.05). Concentration was linked inversely to ST (β; −5.498, p = p < 0.05). Likewise, concentration presented a positive association with MD adherence (β; 2.904, p = p < 0.05). In conclusion, children’s lifestyles are related to the selective attention and concentration of children; therefore, promoting healthy habits could be a cost-effective strategy in the promotion of cognitive development, as it relates to selective attention and concentration.