Examinando por Autor "Gunde-Cimerman, Nina"
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Ítem First demonstration that ascomycetous halophilic fungi (Aspergillus sydowii T and Aspergillus destruens) are useful in xenobiotic mycoremediation under high salinity conditions(Elsevier, 2019) Batista-García, Ramón; González-Abradeloa, Deborah; Pérez-Llano, Yordanis; Peidro-Guzmán, Heidy; Sánchez-Carbente, María; Folch, Jorge Luis; Aranda-Ballesteros, Elizabet; Vaidyanathan, Vinoth Kumar; Cabana, Hubert; Gunde-Cimerman, NinaPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and pharmaceutical compounds (PhC) are xenobiotics present in many saline wastewaters. Although fungi are known for their ability to remove xenobiotics, the potential of halophilic fungi to degrade highly persistent pollutants was not yet investigated. The use of two halophilic fungi, Aspergillus sydowii and Aspergillus destruens, for the elimination of PAH and PhC at saline conditions was studied. In saline synthetic medium both fungi used benzo-α-pyrene and phenanthrene as sole carbon source and removed over 90% of both PAH, A. sydowii due to biodegradation and A. destruens to bioadsorption. They removed 100% of a mixture of fifteen PAH in saline biorefinery wastewater. Test using Cucumis sativus demonstrated that wastewater treated with the two fungi lowered considerably the phytotoxicity. This study is the first demonstration that ascomycetous halophilic fungi, in contrast to other fungi (and in particular basidiomycetes) can be used for mycotreatments under salinity conditions.Ítem Haloadaptative Responses of Aspergillus sydowii to Extreme Water Deprivation: Morphology, Compatible Solutes, and Oxidative Stress at NaCl Saturation(MDPI, 2020) Batista-García, Ramón; Jiménez-Gómez, Irina; Valdés-Muñoz, Gisell; Moreno-Perlin, Tonatiuh; Mouriño-Pérez, Rosa Reyna; Sánchez-Carbente, María; Folch, Jorge Luis; Pérez-Llano, Yordanis; Gunde-Cimerman, Nina; Sánchez-Castellanos, NildaWater activity (aw) is critical for microbial growth, as it is severely restricted at aw < 0.90. Saturating NaCl concentrations (~5.0 M) induce extreme water deprivation (aw 0.75) and cellular stress responses. Halophilic fungi have cellular adaptations that enable osmotic balance and ionic/oxidative stress prevention to grow at high salinity. Here we studied the morphology, osmolyte synthesis, and oxidative stress defenses of the halophile Aspergillus sydowii EXF-12860 at 1.0 M and 5.13 M NaCl. Colony growth, pigmentation, exudate, and spore production were inhibited at NaCl-saturated media. Additionally, hyphae showed unpolarized growth, lower diameter, and increased septation, multicellularity and branching compared to optimal NaCl concentration. Trehalose, mannitol, arabitol, erythritol, and glycerol were produced in the presence of both 1.0 M and 5.13 M NaCl. Exposing A. sydowii cells to 5.13 M NaCl resulted in oxidative stress evidenced by an increase in antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation biomarkers. Also, genes involved in cellular antioxidant defense systems were upregulated. This is the most comprehensive study that investigates the micromorphology and the adaptative cellular response of different non-enzymatic and enzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers in halophilic filamentous fungi.Ítem Stress Reshapes the Physiological Response of Halophile Fungi to Salinity(MDPI, 2020) Batista-García, Ramón; Pérez-Llano, Yordanis; Rodríguez-Pupo, Eya Caridad; Druzhinina, Irina; Chenthamara, Komal; Cai, Feng; Gunde-Cimerman, Nina; Gostinčar, Cene; Kostanjšek, Rok; Folch, Jorge Luis; Sánchez-Carbente, MaríaBackground: Mechanisms of cellular and molecular adaptation of fungi to salinity have been commonly drawn from halotolerant strains and few studies in basidiomycete fungi. These studies have been conducted in settings where cells are subjected to stress, either hypo- or hyperosmotic, which can be a confounding factor in describing physiological mechanisms related to salinity. Methods: We have studied transcriptomic changes in Aspergillus sydowii, a halophilic species, when growing in three different salinity conditions (No NaCl, 0.5 M, and 2.0 M NaCl). Results: In this fungus, major physiological modifications occur under high salinity (2.0 M NaCl) and not when cultured under optimal conditions (0.5 M NaCl), suggesting that most of the mechanisms described for halophilic growth are a consequence of saline stress response and not an adaptation to saline conditions. Cell wall modifications occur exclusively at extreme salinity, with an increase in cell wall thickness and lamellar structure, which seem to involve a decrease in chitin content and an augmented content of alfa and beta-glucans. Additionally, three hydrophobin genes were differentially expressed under hypo- or hyperosmotic stress but not when the fungus grows optimally. Regarding compatible solutes, glycerol is the main compound accumulated in salt stress conditions, whereas trehalose is accumulated in the absence of salt. Conclusions: Physiological responses to salinity vary greatly between optimal and high salt concentrations and are not a simple graded effect as the salt concentration increases. Our results highlight the influence of stress in reshaping the response of extremophiles to environmental challenges.Ítem Surviving in the Brine: A Multi-Omics Approach for Understanding the Physiology of the Halophile Fungus Aspergillus sydowii at Saturated NaCl Concentration(2022) Batista-García, Ramón; Jiménez-Gómez, Irina; Valdés-Muñoz, Gisell; Moreno-Ulloa, Aldo; Pérez-Llano, Yordanis; Moreno-Perlin, Tonatiuh; Silva-Jiménez, Hortencia; Barreto, Fernando; Sánchez-Carbente, María; Folch, Jorge Luis; Gunde-Cimerman, Nina; Lago, AsunciónAlthough various studies have investigated osmoadaptations of halophilic fungi to saline conditions, only few analyzed the fungal mechanisms occurring at saturated NaCl concentrations. Halophilic Aspergillus sydowii is a model organism for the study of molecular adaptations of filamentous fungi to hyperosmolarity. For the first time a multiomics approach (i.e., transcriptomics and metabolomics) was used to compare A. sydowii at saturated concentration (5.13M NaCl) to optimal salinity (1M NaCl). Analysis revealed 1,842 genes differentially expressed of which 704 were overexpressed. Most differentially expressed genes were involved in metabolism and signal transduction. A gene ontology multi-scale network showed that ATP binding constituted the main network node with direct interactions to phosphorelay signal transduction, polysaccharide metabolism, and transferase activity. Free amino acids significantly decreased and amino acid metabolism was reprogrammed at 5.13M NaCl. mRNA transcriptional analysis revealed upregulation of genes involved in methionine and cysteine biosynthesis at extreme water deprivation by NaCl. No modifications of membrane fatty acid composition occurred. Upregulated genes were involved in high-osmolarity glycerol signal transduction pathways, biosynthesis of β-1,3-glucans, and cross-membrane ion transporters. Downregulated genes were related to the synthesis of chitin, mannose, cell wall proteins, starvation, pheromone synthesis, and cell cycle. Non coding RNAs represented the 20% of the total transcripts with 7% classified as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The 42% and 69% of the total lncRNAs and RNAs encoding transcription factors, respectively, were differentially expressed. A network analysis showed that differentially expressed lncRNAs and RNAs coding transcriptional factors were mainly related to the regulation of metabolic processes, protein phosphorylation, protein kinase activity, and plasma membrane composition. Metabolomic analyses revealed more complex and unknown metabolites at saturated NaCl concentration than at optimal salinity. This study is the first attempt to unravel the molecular ecology of an ascomycetous fungus at extreme water deprivation by NaCl (5.13 M). This work also represents a pioneer study to investigate the importance of lncRNAs and transcriptional factors in the transcriptomic response to high NaCl stress in halophilic fungi.Ítem Tracking gene expression, metabolic profiles, and biochemical analysis in the halotolerant basidiomycetous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa EXF-1630 during benzo[a]pyrene and phenanthrene biodegradation under hypersaline conditions(Elsevier, 2021) Batista-García, Ramón; Martínez-Ávila, Liliana; Peidro-Guzmán, Heidy; Pérez-Llano, Yordanis; Moreno-Perlin, Tonatiuh; Sánchez-Reyes, Ayixon; Fernández-Silva, Arline; Folch, Jorge Luis; Cabana, Hubert; Gunde-Cimerman, Nina; Ángeles, Gabriela; Aranda-Ballesteros, ElizabetPolyaromatic phenanthrene (Phe) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are highly toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic contaminants widely dispersed in nature, including saline environments. Polyextremotolerant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa EXF-1630, isolated from Arctic sea ice, was grown on a huge concentration range -10 to 500 ppm- of Phe and BaP as sole carbon sources at hypersaline conditions (1 M NaCl). Selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) supported growth as well as glucose, even at high PAH concentrations. Initially, up to 40% of Phe and BaP were adsorbed, followed by biodegradation, resulting in 80% removal in 10 days. While extracellular laccase, peroxidase, and un-specific peroxygenase activities were not detected, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity peaked at 4 days. The successful removal of PAHs and the absence of toxic metabolites were confirmed by toxicological tests on moss Physcomitrium patens, bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, human erythrocytes, and pulmonary epithelial cells (A549). Metabolic profiles were determined at the midpoint of the biodegradation exponential phase, with added Phe and BaP (100 ppm) and 1 M NaCl. Different hydroxylated products were found in the culture medium, while the conjugative metabolite 1-phenanthryl-b-D glucopyranose was detected in the medium and in the cells. Transcriptome analysis resulted in 870 upregulated and 2,288 downregulated transcripts on PAHs, in comparison to glucose. Genomic mining of 61 available yeast genomes showed a widespread distribution of 31 xenobiotic degradation pathways in different yeast lineages. Two distributions with similar metabolic capacities included black yeasts and mainly members of the Sporidiobolaceae family (including EXF-1630), respectively. This is the first work describing a metabolic profile and transcriptomic analysis of PAH degradation by yeast.Ítem Transcriptomic analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation by the halophilic fungus Aspergillus sydowii at hypersaline conditions(Wiley, 2021) Batista-García, Ramón; Peidro-Guzmán, Heidy; González-Abradelo, Deborah; Fernández-López, Maikel; Dávila-Ramos, Sonia; Aranda-Ballesteros, Elizabet; Ortega-García, Angélica; Lira, Verónica; Gunde-Cimerman, Nina; Ramírez-Pliego, Óscar; Schnabel, Denhi; Jiménez-Gómez, Irina; Sánchez-Carbente, María; Folch, Jorge Luis; Sánchez-Reyes, Ayixon; Kumar, Vaidyanathan Vinoth; Cabana, Hubert; Santana, María Angélica; Mouriño-Pérez, Rosa Reyna; Aréchiga, ElvaPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most persistent xenobiotic compounds, with high toxicity effects. Mycoremediation with halophilic Aspergillus sydowii was used for their removal from a hypersaline medium (1 M NaCl). A. sydowii metabolized PAHs as sole carbon sources, resulting in the removal of up to 90% for both PAHs [benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) and phenanthrene (Phe)] after 10 days. Elimination of Phe and BaP was almost exclusively due to biotransformation and not adsorption by dead mycelium and did not correlate with the activity of lignin modifying enzymes (LME). Transcriptomes of A. sydowii grown on PAHs, or on glucose as control, both at hypersaline conditions, revealed 170 upregulated and 76 downregulated genes. Upregulated genes were related to starvation, cell wall remodelling, degradation and metabolism of xenobiotics, DNA/RNA metabolism, energy generation, signalling and general stress responses. Changes of LME expression levels were not detected, while the chloroperoxidase gene, possibly related to detoxification processes in fungi, was strongly upregulated. We propose that two parallel metabolic pathways (mitochondrial and cytosolic) are involved in degradation and detoxification of PAHs in A. sydowii resulting in intracellular oxidation of PAHs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive transcriptomic analysis on fungal degradation of PAHs.