Examinando por Autor "Frias-Osuna, Antonio"
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Ítem Correlates of Burden in Primary Caregivers of Older Relatives: A Cross-sectional Study(Wiley, 2014) Del-Pino-Casado, Rafael; Millan-Cobo, Martín D.; Palomino-Moral, Pedro A.; Frias-Osuna, AntonioPURPOSE: To analyze the effect of cultural factors on the subjective burden of primary home caregivers of older relatives. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Primary home caregivers (N = 208) of older relatives were recruited in Spain using systematic random sampling. METHODS: The data were collected in 2010 through interviews. The measures included sociodemographic characteristics, stressors (the intensity of care provided and the care-recipient's needs; the latter were assessed using the Barthel Index, the Pfeiffer Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and the Cummings Neuropsychiatric Inventory), cultural factors (kinship ties, common residence, perceived social support, and cultural motives for caregiving), and caregiver subjective burden (Caregiver Strain Index). The data were analyzed using bivariate procedures and multiple linear regression. FINDINGS: After controlling for caregiver age, caregiver gender, stressors, and duration of caregiving, subjective burden was negatively associated with perceived social support and reciprocity, and in the subgroup of adult children, it was positively associated with common residence. Cultural factors explained 29% of the variance in burden. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings add to the existing evidence regarding the influence of cultural factors in the perception of burden in caregiving situations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A risk profile could be proposed for subjective burden in primary family caregivers. Individuals who are at risk are characterized as young, offspring who live with the care recipient, care for a care recipient with behavioral problems, are unsatisfied with the social support received, and have a low balanced reciprocity.Ítem Gender Differences Regarding Informal Caregivers of Older People(Wiley, 2012) Del-Pino-Casado, Rafael; Frias-Osuna, Antonio; Palomino-Moral, Pedro A.; Martinez-Riera, José RamónPurpose: The aim of this study was to examine differences related to gender among informal caregivers serving older disabled individuals. Design and Methods: A secondary analysis of the most recent national cross-sectional survey, which was conducted in Spain on informal caregivers who served older individuals (65 years of age or older), was conducted in 2011 (N= 1,272, probability sample). The relationships between gender and intensity of care (amount and type of care provided), duration of caregiving, subjective burden, and satisfaction with caregiving were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate procedures. Findings: No statistically significant gender differences were found with regard to the intensity of care, duration of caregiving, or satisfaction; however, subjective burden was found to differ between men and women, and this difference was statistically significant (odds ratio = 1.98; p= .012). Conclusions: Because this study was conducted in Spain, a country with strong patriarchal norms with regard to caregiving and familism, whereas gender differences in intensity of care have been reported in countries with low familism, we conclude that cultural diversity can influence the relationship between gender and intensity of care. On the other hand, our study increases the evidence in support of there being gender-based differences in subjective burden among family caregivers serving older people in Western industrial countries. Finally, the results of our study support the hypothesis that sources of satisfaction are more strongly related to the caregiver's personal context and characteristics than to his or her gender. Clinical Relevance: These findings support the following recommendations regarding nursing interventions: (a) nurses should take into account specific cultural patterns in caregiving to improve their understanding concerning the relationships between gender and intensity of care, and (b) gender should be taken into account in interventions that are tailored toward addressing subjective burden.Ítem Subjective burden and cultural motives for caregiving in informal caregivers of older people(Wiley, 2011) del-Pino-Casado, Rafael; Frias-Osuna, Antonio; Palomino-Moral, Pedro A.Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate variables related to cultural caregiving motives (obligation and reciprocity) and to analyze the relationship between these cultural caregiving motives and subjective burden in informal caregivers of disabled older people. Design and Methods: A secondary analysis of the last cross-sectional Spanish survey of informal caregivers of older people (n= 1,284, probability sample) was performed. Measurements included sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers (gender, age, relationship with care recipient, primary caregiver status, and duration of caregiving), intensity of care (hours per week, type of care, and number of activities of daily living [ADL] assisted), cultural motives for caregiving (obligation and balanced reciprocity), and caregiver subjective burden. Statistical analyses included descriptive (means, percentages, and 95% confidence intervals), bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) analyses. Findings: Obligation and reciprocity were higher in spouses than in other relatives and in nonrelatives and obligation increased with age as well as providing help with ADL. Balanced reciprocity was high in men. Obligation was not related with subjective burden, whereas balanced reciprocity was positively related. Conclusions: Reciprocity had a protective effect on subjective burden. No cultural differences have been found on this issue. Obligation may be a multidimensional concept that encompasses personal beliefs and social demands. Clinical Relevance: Balanced reciprocity is useful for early prevention and early intervention of subjective burden and must be included in nursing care plans for caregivers. Cultural factors support the comprehension of the caregiving process.