Examinando por Autor "Delgado, Rafael"
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Ítem Affective pictures and the Open Library of Affective Foods (OLAF): tools to investigate emotions toward food in adults(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2016-08) Miccoli, Laura; Delgado, Rafael; Guerra, Pedro; Versace, Francesco; Rodríguez-Ruiz, Sonia; Fernández-Santaella, M. CarmenRecently, several sets of standardized food pictures have been created, supplying both food images and their subjective evaluations. However, to date only the OLAF (Open Library of Affective Foods), a set of food images and ratings we developed in adolescents, has the specific purpose of studying emotions toward food. Moreover, some researchers have argued that food evaluations are not valid across individuals and groups, unless feelings toward food cues are compared with feelings toward intense experiences unrelated to food, that serve as benchmarks. Therefore the OLAF presented here, comprising a set of original food images and a group of standardized highly emotional pictures, is intended to provide valid between-group judgments in adults. Emotional images (erotica, mutilations, and neutrals from the International Affective Picture System/IAPS) additionally ensure that the affective ratings are consistent with emotion research. The OLAF depicts high-calorie sweet and savory foods and low-calorie fruits and vegetables, portraying foods within natural scenes matching the IAPS features. An adult sample evaluated both food and affective pictures in terms of pleasure, arousal, dominance, and food craving, following standardized affective rating procedures. The affective ratings for the emotional pictures corroborated previous findings, thus confirming the reliability of evaluations for the food images. Among the OLAF images, high-calorie sweet and savory foods elicited the greatest pleasure, although they elicited, as expected, less arousal than erotica. The observed patterns were consistent with research on emotions and confirmed the reliability of OLAF evaluations. The OLAF and affective pictures constitute a sound methodology to investigate emotions toward food within a wider motivational framework. The OLAF is freely accessible at digibug.ugr.es.Ítem Emotional reactions to alcohol-related words: Differences between low- and high-risk drinkers(Elsevier, 2015-11) Gantiva, Carlos; Delgado, Rafael; Romo-González, TaniaIntroduction: Research that has examined responses to alcohol-related words in drinkers has mostly linked such responses to memory, attentional, and perceptual bias. However, studies of emotional processing in alcoholics have not received much attention. The main goal of the present study was to identify the features and differences of emotional responses to alcohol-related words in low- and high-risk drinkers. Method: A total of 149 low-risk drinkers and 125 high-risk drinkers evaluated five alcohol-related words and 15 words from the Affective Norms for English Words in the dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance using the Self-Assessment Manikin. Results: The results indicated that high-risk drinkers evaluated alcohol-related words as more appetitive and arousing. Conclusion: These results, together with findings in the attention and memory research literature, suggest that alcohol-related words can serve as conditioned cues in alcohol consumption.Ítem Lanthanides in granulometric fractions of Mediterranean soils. Can they be used as fingerprints of provenance?(Wiley, 2019-03-01) Martín-García, Juan M.; Molinero-García, Alberto; Calero, Julio; Fernández-González, María V.; Párraga, Jesús; Delgado, RafaelThere is geochemical interest in the lanthanides because they behave like a group that is closely related to the parent materials during surface processes, although they also undergo fractionation as a result of supergene dynamics. We analysed lanthanide concentrations (ICPms) in the granulometric fractions fine sand, clay and free forms of clay (FFclay-CDB and FFclay-Ox: extracted with citrate-dithionite-sodium bicarbonate and with ammonium oxalate, respectively) from a soil chronosequence of Mediterranean soils. There was a relative enrichment of heavy rare earth elements (HREE) in the clay fraction and its free forms with respect to fine sand. The clay free forms behaved as scavengers of lanthanides, and oxidative scavenging of cerium (Ce) in FFclay-CDB was also detected. Lanthanide concentrations (lanthanum to gadolinium in fine sand; terbium to lutetium in clay) varied with soil age, and chronofunctions were established. There was a strong positive collinearity between most of the lanthanide concentrations. Furthermore, the value of the correlation index (Pearson's r) of the concentrations between couples of lanthanides (r(CLC)) decreased significantly with increasing separation between the elements in the periodic table; this has never been described in soils. Several geochemical properties and indices in the fine sand and clay soil fractions and in the geological materials of the Guadalquivir catchment showed, on the one hand, a genetic relation between them all, enabling the lanthanides to be used as fingerprints of provenance; on the other hand, fractionation between fine sand and clay showed these are actively involved in soil lanthanide dynamics.Ítem Meet OLAF, a good friend of the IAPS! The Open Library of Affective Foods: a tool to investigate the emotional impact of food in adolescents(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2014-12) Miccoli, Laura; Delgado, Rafael; Rodríguez-Ruiz, Sonia; Guerra, Pedro; García-Mármol, Eduardo; Fernández-Santaella, M. CarmenIn the last decades, food pictures have been repeatedly employed to investigate the emotional impact of food on healthy participants as well as individuals who suffer from eating disorders and obesity. However, despite their widespread use, food pictures are typically selected according to each researcher’s personal criteria, which make it difficult to reliably select food images and to compare results across different studies and laboratories. Therefore, to study affective reactions to food, it becomes pivotal to identify the emotional impact of specific food images based on wider samples of individuals. In the present paper we introduce the Open Library of Affective Foods (OLAF), which is a set of original food pictures created to reliably select food pictures based on the emotions they prompt, as indicated by affective ratings of valence, arousal, and dominance and by an additional food craving scale. OLAF images were designed to allow simultaneous use with affective images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), which is a well-known instrument to investigate emotional reactions in the laboratory. The ultimate goal of the OLAF is to contribute to understanding how food is emotionally processed in healthy individuals and in patients who suffer from eating and weight-related disorders. The present normative data, which was based on a large sample of an adolescent population, indicate that when viewing affective non-food IAPS images, valence, arousal, and dominance ratings were in line with expected patterns based on previous emotion research. Moreover, when viewing food pictures, affective and food craving ratings were consistent with research on food cue processing. As a whole, the data supported the methodological and theoretical reliability of the OLAF ratings, therefore providing researchers with a standardized tool to reliably investigate the emotional and motivational significance of food. The OLAF database is publicly available at zenodo.orgÍtem Pedogenic information from fine sand: A study in Mediterranean soils(Wiley, 2020-07) Martín-García, Juan M.; Molinero-García, Alberto; Calero, Julio; Sánchez-Marañón, Manuel; Fernández-González, María V.; Delgado, RafaelThe fine sand fraction (50–250 μm) of Mediterranean soils from southern Spain provides valuable information on soil genesis and the origin of their parent materials. This study considers the whole fine sand and heavy fine sand (ρ > 2.82 g cm−3) of Luvisols, Calcisols and Fluvisols, which form a chronosequence (ages from 600 to 0.3 ka) of the River Guadalquivir terrace system. Advanced techniques (X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, variable pressure scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system and Raman analysis) were employed. Inheritance is the principal pedogenic process. The whole fine sand consisted of carbonates (calcite and dolomite), tectosilicates (quartz, K-feldspar and plagioclases), phyllosilicates (illite/moscovite, biotite, Na-mica, chlorite, kaolinite, interstratified vermiculite-chlorite, vermiculite-illite and smectite-illite) and iron oxides (goethite and haematite). The minor minerals (rutile, anatase, ilmenite, zircon, staurolite, monazite, barite, apatite, andalusite, garnet and titanite) are concentrated, also through inheritance, in the heavy fine sand. However, there is also substantiated evidence for neoformation of rutile in these soils, never reported previously. In addition, we report that (a) the geochemical indices calculated in fine sand (SiO2/CaO, Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), Weathering Index of Parker (WIP), Weathering Index (WI), Base Depletion Index (BDI), Weathering Ratio (WR) and Sr/Zr) are closely related to soil age, allowing chronofunctions to be established, and (b) geochemical indices provide information on the origin of soils and permit the establishment of a “critical point” corresponding to “time zero;” that is, the start of pedogenic alteration of the parent material.