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Ítem Relationship Between Perceived and Received Social Support in Family Caregivers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis(MDPI, 2024-11-12) Gutiérrez-Sánchez, BelénAntecedentes: El cuidado de las personas dependientes es eminentemente familiar y, en muchas ocasiones, existe un alto nivel de dedicación a dicho cuidado familiar. El cuidado constante y continuado conlleva una serie de consecuencias psicológicas negativas. El apoyo social se ha relacionado con una mejor salud mental en cuidadores familiares. Encontramos resultados heterogéneos en cuanto a la relación entre los tipos de apoyo social recibido y el nivel de apoyo percibido. Además, hasta donde sabemos, ninguna revisión analiza esta relación entre cuidadores familiares. Objetivos : Por tanto, nos proponemos sintetizar sistemáticamente las relaciones entre el apoyo social percibido y recibido en cuidadores informales. Metodología : Hemos realizado una revisión sistemática cuantitativa con metaanálisis, registrada en PROSPERO (id: CRD42023470047); la búsqueda sistemática se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO y Scopus, hasta noviembre de 2023. Tras la selección y revisión de los resultados, se obtuvieron doce estudios, dos de los cuales fueron eliminados por un alto riesgo de sesgo de clasificación. Resultados : En cuanto a los resultados, se encontró una asociación estadísticamente positiva de tamaño medio (r = 0,43). Los resultados fueron consistentes, precisos y robustos. La prueba Trim and Fill mostró una variación del 7%. El análisis de subgrupos no indicó diferencias en el grupo de edad de las personas atendidas (adultos o niños), sesgo de selección y sesgo de confusión. Conclusiones : En conclusiones, el apoyo social percibido se relaciona con un mayor apoyo social recibido por los cuidadores familiares.Ítem Effectiveness of Internet-Based or Mobile App Interventions for Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia: A Systematic Review(MDPI, 2024-07-27) de-Moraes-Ribeiro, Fabiane Elizabetha; Moreno-Cámara, Sara; da-Silva-Domingues, Henrique; Palomino-Moral, Pedro Ángel; del-Pino-Casado, RafaelIntroduction: Global aging presents socioeconomic and health challenges. Dementia, a growing concern, affects millions of older adults, intensifying the burden on family caregivers. E-health interventions offer hope through technological solutions, although current research is limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of internet-based or mobile app interventions for family caregivers of older adults with dementia. Methodology: A systematic review with a narrative synthesis was conducted using databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, and PsycInfo) and the bibliographies of retrieved articles, with no restrictions on time or language. Results: The search yielded 2092 results, of which 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 2761 family caregivers. Twenty-one different outcomes were evaluated and classified into three main types of interventions: psychoeducational, psychotherapeutic, and multicomponent. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of internet-based and mobile app interventions in supporting family caregivers of older adults with dementia. These interventions positively affect many aspects of caregiver well-being, suggesting their utility in addressing this group’s emotional, social, and self-care needs.Ítem Sustainability education in nursing degree for climate-smart healthcare: a quasi-experimental study(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2024-07-26) Álvarez-Nieto, Carmen; Parra-Anguita, Laura; Álvarez-García, Cristina; Montoro-Ramírez, Eva María; López-Franco, María Dolores; Sanz-Martos, Sebastián; López-Medina, Isabel MaríaPurpose– In light of the world’s accelerating march towards a sustainable future, the education for sustainable healthcare must be sufficiently acknowledged in health professions curricula. Early integration of these competences into nursing degree programme emphasizes its importance and applicability. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of an educational sustainability intervention in higher education to change nursing students’ attitudes towards sustainability and climate change, and environmentalawareness. Design/methodology/approach– A quasi-experimental study was performed with repeated measures between September 2019 and May 2023. Undergraduate students were introduced to sustainability and climate change in the context of healthcare using scenario-based learning and augmented reality over the courses in nursing degree. Participants’ attitudes and awareness were collected by online questionnaires. Findings– The educational intervention showed effectiveness in significantly improving attitudes towards climate change and sustainability, and the environmental awareness for changing their clinical practice (p < 0.01). However, students struggled to apply sustainability and address unsustainable practices in healthcare settings. Originality/value– This study shows an effective model of curricular sustainability that can be implemented in other universities and health disciplines. The findings highlighting the importance of sustainability education in nursing and its potential to drive positive change in healthcare practice and society at large. Embedding key topics aligned with sustainable development goals in the curriculum prepares nursing or health workforce to address planetary health and implement sustainable practices that provide climate-smart care.Ítem Evaluating Satisfaction and Self-Confidence among Nursing Students in Clinical Simulation Learning(MDPI, 2024-04-25) Moreno-Cámara, Sara; da-Silva-Domingues, Henrique; Parra-Anguita, Laura; Gutiérrez-Sánchez, BelénBackground: Clinical simulation is effective in nursing student education, fostering autonomous learning and critical skill development in safe environments. This method is adaptable to dynamic educational approaches and integrates technology. Satisfaction and self-confidence are key elements in its evaluation. The general objective of this research was to describe the levels of satisfaction and self-confidence among undergraduate nursing students regarding the use of clinical simulation in the field of family and community nursing. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the University of Jaén, Spain, during the 2023/2024 academic year. Data on sociodemographic aspects, satisfaction, and self-confidence were collected using a validated instrument. The statistical analysis included central measures, dispersion, and frequencies, with confidence intervals. Results: The study involved 96 students in scenario 1 (family assessment) and 97 in scenario 2 (family intervention), with the majority being women. In scenario 1, the mean satisfaction score was 4.38 out of 5, and self-confidence was scored 4.44 out of 5. Prior preparation time correlated significantly with higher levels of satisfaction and self-confidence. In scenario 2, the mean scores were slightly higher but not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated high levels of satisfaction and self-confidence among nursing students following clinical simulations. Prior preparation was associated with better outcomes, and the quality of the simulation positively impacted the results.Ítem Dry care versus chlorhexidine cord care for prevention of omphalitis. Systematic review with meta-analysis(2019) López-Medina, María Dolores; Linares-Abad, Manuel; López-Araque, Ana Belén; López-Medina, Isabel MObjective: to compare the effect of dry care and the application of chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord of newborns at risk of developing omphalitis. Method: systematic review with meta-analysis. Clinical trials comparing dry care with the application of clorexidine to evaluate omphalitis were selected. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. Results: the joint analysis of the studies shows a significant decrease in the risk of omphalitis in the chlorhexidine group compared to the dry care group (RR=0.58, CI: 0.53-0.64). However, in the analysis by subgroups, chlorhexidine umbilical cord care did not reduce the risk of omphalitis in hospital births (RR=0.82, CI: 0.64-1.05), in countries with a low infant mortality rate (RR=0.8, CI: 0.5-1.28), or at chlorhexidine concentrations below 4% (RR=0.55, CI: 0.31-1). Chlorhexidine acted as a protective factor at a concentration of 4% (RR=0.58, CI: 0.53-0.64), when applied in cases of home births (RR=0.57, CI: 0.51-0.62), in countries with a high infant mortality rate (RR=0.57, CI: 0.52-0.63). Conclusion: dry cord care is effective in countries with low infant mortality rate and in hospital births. However, 4% chlorhexidine for umbilical cord care protects against omphalitis in home births, in countries with a high infant mortality rate.Ítem Competencies On Environmental Health And Pedagogical Approaches In The Nursing Curriculum: A Systematic Review Of The Literature(2019) López-Medina, Isabel María; Álvarez-Nieto, Carmen; Grose, Jane; Elsbernd, Astrid; Huss, Norma May; Huynen, Maud; Richardson, JanetIt has been suggested that climate change is the biggest threat to public health for the 21st Century; increased demand on health services will impact on already overstretched resources and systems will need to be able to respond. However limited attention is given to climate change and sustainability in nursing education; there is no clear guidance on curricula content for nurses or recommendations regarding the skills and competencies that will be required. Literature published in Dutch, English, German, and Spanish was searched and 32 papers met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results suggests that holistic/systems thinking is relevant to healthcare so bringing a ‘sustainability lens’ to nursing curricula could be seen as being consistent with wider determinants of health. The literature review has identified the educational approaches necessary to provide a broad based curriculum and a cross-disciplinary approach. The findings suggest that topics such as the use of resources, food, health promotion, globalism, disease management, and the environmental impact of delivering healthcare, if embedded in nursing education could support the nursing profession's response for this new and important aspect of healthcare.Ítem Young nursing and medical students’ knowledge and attitudes towards sexuality and contraception in two spanish universities: an inferential study(Springer, 2023) Scarano, Juan Pablo; Martinino, Alessandro; Manicone, Francesca; Álvarez-García, Cristina; Ortega-Donaire, Lucía; Clavijo, María Zoraida; López-Medina, Isabel María; Álvarez-Nieto, Carmen; Sanz-Martos, SebastiánBackground Living safely sexuality and without risk to one’s health is an international priority. The youth age group has specific characteristics that make it a particularly vulnerable group for adverse consequences such as unwanted pregnancies or sexually transmitted infections. Health professionals are an important group to address this issue; however, to achieve a good result, sufficient knowledge is required to solve all the issues. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of young university students studying a nursing or a medical degree. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study of young medical and nursing students was conducted. The selection of participants was made by convenience. The Sexuality and Contraceptive Knowledge Instrument scale was used to measure knowledge level. A bivariate analysis was conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis H test, depending on the number of categories of the independent variable. Finally, a multivariate analysis was conducted using a multiple linear regression model, establishing the level of knowledge as the dependent variable and all variables that obtained statistical significance in the bivariate analysis as predictors. Data collection was carried out from October 2020 to March 2021. Results The sample comprised 657 health university students. Participants had a good level of knowledge, with 77.9% answering 50% of the questions correctly. Before training, 34.15% of the participants did not pass 50% of the questions asked. This percentage decreased to 12.87% after receiving sexuality training during their university degrees. The main training gaps were found for the items on hormonal contraceptive methods. The bivariate analysis showed that female participants had significantly higher knowledge scores, as did those who had used a hormonal contraceptive method during the most recent intercourse or were aware of family planning centers. These variables maintained their significant effect at the multivariate level, obtaining two models with good explanatory power for participants of both university degrees. Conclusion The general level of knowledge of the healthcare students was high and sufficient after receiving training during the university degree (87.13% of the participants obtain more than 50% of items correct). The main training gap was found for items on hormonal contraceptive methods, which should be emphasized in future training programs.Ítem Cross-cultural adaptation of children’s environmental health questionnaires for nursing students in England(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2020-05-04) Álvarez-García, Cristina; Álvarez-Nieto, Carmen; Carter, Rachel; Kelsey, Janet; Sanz-Martos, Sebastián; López-Medina, Isabel MaríaObjectives: Children are among the most vulnerable population groups with regard to environmental risks. Nursing students must be fully educated on children’s environmental health as they are in a key position to prevent and reduce the effects of environmental hazards. The main objective of this study was to adapt and validate an English language version of two questionnaires about children’s health and the environment, to assess the knowledge and skills of student nurses in England. Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Setting: A university in Southern England. Method: The study involves translating, adapting and validating the Children’s Environmental Health Knowledge Questionnaire (ChEHK-Q) and the Children’s Environmental Health Skills Questionnaire (ChEHS-Q) with nursing students in England (N = 232). Results: The psychometric characteristics of both questionnaires were strong. Infit and outfit values were close to 1. The reliability values for the items and people were 0.96 and 0.79 for ChEHK-Q and 0.98 and 0.89 for ChEHS-Q, respectively. Only 52 (22.41%) and 77 (33.62%) participants had at least good knowledge and skills, respectively. Higher knowledge and skills were found with respect to the vulnerability of children and identification of environmental risks in the home. Lower levels of knowledge and skills were found with respect to the effects of pesticides and the assessment of neoplastic pollutants. Conclusion: Findings demonstrate deficiencies in nursing competencies related to children’s environmental health. The use of these questionnaires will facilitate improvement in both knowledge and skills related to children’s environmental health among future nurses.Ítem Effectiveness of scenario‑based learning and augmented reality for nursing students’ attitudes and awareness toward climate change and sustainability(BMC, 2022-09-03) Álvarez-Nieto, Carmen; Álvarez-García, Cristina; Parra-Anguita, Laura; Sanz-Martos, Sebastián; López-Medina, Isabel MaríaBackground: Mainstreaming sustainable healthcare into the curricula of health professions is a key action to raise awareness and change attitudes. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the contribution of scenario-based learning and augmented reality to the environmental awareness and attitudes toward climate change and sustainability among undergraduate nursing students. Methods: This study was designed as a time-series analysis. Undergraduate nursing students in their 3 years were introduced to sustainability and climate change in the context of healthcare through scenario-based learning sessions. Questionnaires were used to collect data on participants’ attitudes towards sustainability and climate change, the usefulness of the educational sessions and the extent to which students changed their clinical practice. A data summary, related sample Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to test for differences in survey scores. Results: Attitudes and environmental awareness toward climate change and sustainability increased significantly as students received the learning sessions over the 3 years. After their first clinical training period, students already showed a high awareness of unsustainable practices in their working environment; however, they still struggled to apply sustainability and address unsustainable practices in healthcare settings. Most students felt that the scenarios helped them to make links between climate change, resources, and health. Conclusions: The scenario-based learning and augmented reality increase environmental awareness and attitudes toward climate change and sustainability among nursing students. Students are very aware of unsustainable practices in their work environment, but more work needs to be done on the application of sustainability principles to nursing practice.Ítem Knowledge of Sexuality and Contraception in Students at a Spanish University: A Descriptive Study(MDPI, 2022-09-05) Sanz-Martos, Sebastián; López-Medina, Isabel María; Álvarez-García, Cristina; Ortega-Donaire, Lucía; Fernández-Martínez, María; Álvarez-Nieto, CarmenYouth is a period characterized by impulsiveness and risk-taking. This population often feels invulnerable and has a strong motivation to seek out their identity. These characteristics make it a risky age period for an unwanted pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge about sexuality and contraception among nursing students at the University of Jaen. The students completed a 16-item questionnaire assessing their knowledge level about sexuality and contraception. A bivariate analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis H and Mann–Whitney U tests. Later, an ordinal logistic regression model was generated. The sample consisted of 130 participants, with an average age of 20.36 years. The level of knowledge about sexuality and contraception was moderately high, 10.38 points out of 16. The factors associated with the probability of accordingly presenting a high level of knowledge were being a woman, having studied in a public institution, not having used any contraceptive method in the first sexual experience, and wishing to use a contraceptive pill in future sexual relations. In conclusion, the knowledge level about sexuality and contraception is high, although it is necessary to assess whether this level of high knowledge translates to the use of contraceptive methods in future sexual experiences.Ítem Leadership as a Facilitator of Evidence Implementation by Nurse Managers: A Metasynthesis(SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2021-04-15) Clavijo-Chamorro, María Z.; Romero-Zarallo, Gema; Gómez-Luque, Adela; López-Espuela, Fidel; Sanz-Martos, Sebastián; López-Medina, Isabel M.Evidence-based practice is often not implemented in nursing for reasons relating to leadership. This article aims to cast light on the factors that facilitate nursing evidence implementation perceived by nurse managers in their practical experiences of this implementation. It is a qualitative, narrative metasynthesis of primary studies on nurse managers’ leadership-related facilitation experiences, following the Joanna Briggs Institute meta-aggregative approach and the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) model. Eleven primary studies were included and three general categories were identified as leadership-related factors facilitating evidence implementation: teamwork (communication between managers and staff nurses), organizational structures (strategic governance), and transformational leadership (influence on evidence application and readiness for change among leaders). Nurse managers act as facilitators of evidence-based practices by transforming contexts to motivate their staff and move toward a shared vision of change. Always providing support as managers and colleagues, sharing their experience in the clinic environment.Ítem Is it possible to become a midwife in a refugee camp?(ELSEVIER, 2019) Martínez Linares, Jose Manuel; Linares Abad, Manuel; Calero García, María José; López Entrambasaguas, Olga MaríaThe historical backdrop of Western Sahara has meant that, for the last 43 years, part of its indigenous population has survived in refugee camps located in the Algerian desert. International aid from abroad has become the main source of sustenance for all people living in this hostile environment. Since the beginning of this type of settlement, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has been con cerned with creating the necessary infrastructures to meet the health needs of the people living in these conditions. As a result, the Ahmed Abdel-Fatah School of Nursing was created in the Sahrawi refugee camps, which began to train midwives to care for women during the stages of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum in 2002. The aim of this paper is to provide an approach to the origin and evolution of midwifery education for the Sahrawi refugee camps, in the only school of nursing that exists worldwide in a refugee camp.Ítem Perceived needs of the family caregivers of people with dementia in a mediterranean setting: A qualitative study(MDPI, 2019-03-19) Moreno-Cámara, Sara; Palomino-Moral, Pedro A.; Moral-Fernández, Lourdes; Frías-Osuna, Antonio; Parra-Anguita, Laura; del-Pino-Casado, RafaelThe purpose of this study was to identify, classify and analyze the perceived needs of caregivers of elderly people with dementia during the care process. A descriptive phenomenological qualitative study using seven focus groups was conducted in different primary health care centers in the province of Jaén (Spain) between July 2012 and February 2013. Eighty-two family caregivers who were caring for people with dementia in different stages of the disease were selected by purposeful maximum variation sampling. Data were analyzed and organized thematically, considering the semantic and pragmatic content and field notes. Two main categories of the perceived needs of caregivers were identified. The first was related to the management of caring for a relative with dementia, and the second was related to the management of the caregivers’ own care. Our findings support the provision of comprehensive interventions for the improvement of caregivers’ emotional health that encompass more than one care need. This is where psycho-educational interventions aimed at managing the various aspects of dementia and self-care in caregivers can be accommodated. In addition, proactive interventions to develop important skills to care for a relative with dementia, which are not perceived as needs by the caregivers, are needed. These include skills in family negotiation, planning and searching for resources outside the family.Ítem The mediating role of sense of coherence on mental health outcomes in carers of older dependent relatives: A longitudinal study(Wiley, 2021) López-Martínez, Catalina; Orgeta, Vasiliki; Frías-Osuna, Antonio; Del-Pino-Casado, RafaelBackground: Sense of coherence (SOC) is an important protective factor for carer well-being but research to date remains cross-sectional, focusing primarily on the direct effects of SOC on carers’ mental health. The study’s aim was to investigate the mediating role of SOC in the longitudinal relationship between caregiver strain and carers’ psychological health, and its stability over time. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study conducted in Jaén (Spain) with a probabilistic sample of 132 carers of older people, with data collected at baseline and at one-year follow-up. We measured SOC, caregiver strain, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and several care recipient characteristics and intensity of care provided. We used multiple linear regression modelling and the Sobel test to analyse mediation effects. Results: SOC was significantly negatively longitudinally associated with both anxiety (β= -0.38, p= 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β= -0.28, p= 0.023), after controlling for several confounders. SOC mediated both the relationship between caregiver strain and anxiety and caregiver strain and depressive symptoms (Sobel test; p< 0.001 for anxiety and p< 0.001 for depressive symptoms). Differences between baseline and one-year follow-up SOC scores were not statistically significant (p= 0.617). Conclusions: SOC appears to buffer the impact of caregiver strain on symptoms of depression and anxiety in informal carers of older people. Our data showed that SOC is an important psychological resource for carers that remained relatively stable under non-experimental conditions over a period of one year in this sample. Findings suggest that interventions aimed at strengthening SOC may protect carer psychological well-being.Ítem Lived experiences and opinions of women of sub-Saharan origin on female genital mutilation: A phenomenological study(WILEY, 2022) Martínez-Linares, José Manuel; López-Entrambasaguas, Olga María; Fernández-Medina, Isabel María; Berthe-Kone, Ousmane; Fernández-Sola, Cayetano; Jiménez-Lasserrotte, María Mar; Hernández-Padilla, José Manuel; Canet-Vélez, OlgaAims and objectives: This study aimed to describe and understand the lived experi-ences and opinions of sub-Saharan women living in Spain in relation to female genital mutilation. Background: Female genital mutilation is a bloody procedure with serious conse-quences for the health of women and girls. Understanding mutilated women's lived experiences plays a crucial role in the management of health consequences and could help healthcare professionals to provide assistance to these women. Design: A descriptive phenomenological study was carried out. The COREQ checklist was followed as guidance to write the manuscript. Methods: A total of 12 in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews were re-corded, transcribed and analysed using ATLAS.ti 9.0. Results: Two themes with four subthemes were identified from the data analysis: 1) ‘The traumatic experience of female circumcision’ with the subthemes ‘Female muti-lation is a physical and psychological torture procedure’ and ‘recognising and coping with negative emotions’; 2) ‘The fight for the eradication of female genital mutilation’ which contains the subthemes ‘the need for a real sociocultural change at the origin’ and ‘“I want to be the last”: Personal development leads to sociocultural change’. Conclusions: Female genital mutilation was experienced by women as a very aggres-sive and traumatic event. It causes considerable negative emotions that last over time. Although there is a tendency to reject the practice, in women's countries of origin, there is social pressure for girls to be mutilated. Relevance to clinical practice: Caring for women who have suffered from female genital mutilation requires awareness of the traumatic experience they underwent when they were girls. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in eradicating female genital mutilation. Apart from education, preventive measures may include specific recommendations when girls are travelling to the country of origin and participatory action research.